月度归档： 2025 年 10 月

The leading role of high-tech and equipment manufacturing industry has been continuously enhanced.

　　Cctv news(News Network): According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in October, the added value of China’s high-tech and equipment manufacturing industries above designated size increased by 14.7% and 4.7% year-on-year, respectively, and the growth rate was 0.7 and 0.4 percentage points higher than that of the previous month, respectively, driving industrial growth by 2.2 and 1.6 percentage points, and the driving role for industrial growth continued to increase.

　　From the perspective of industry, in October, the added value of the electronics industry, the largest industry in the industry, increased by 14.0% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 4.5 percentage points faster than that of the previous month; The growth rate of added value of aerospace manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing and pharmaceutical manufacturing is above 15%.

　　At the same time, affected by factors such as the green transformation and upgrading of industries and the expansion of smart consumption demand, the output of emerging products maintained rapid growth. In October, the output of new energy vehicles increased by 127.9% and continued to grow exponentially; The output of solar cells, industrial robots, integrated circuits and monocrystalline silicon also maintained double-digit growth.

The overseas Chinese community in Moscow held the activity of ＂inheriting the tradition of victory and cherishing world peace＂

　　China Overseas Chinese Network, Moscow, April 28th To commemorate the 79th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, a networking event called "Inheriting the Victory Tradition and Cherishing World Peace" was held at the Wangji Hotel in Moscow on the 27th local time. The event was co-sponsored by the Moscow Overseas Chinese Federation, the Moscow Huaxing Art Troupe and the International Union of Russian Successors, and attended by representatives of relevant Chinese and Russian institutions, societies and veterans.

On April 27th, local time, the networking event "Inheriting the Victory Tradition and Cherishing World Peace" was held in Moscow. The picture shows a speech by Liu Wei, Minister Counselor of the Consular Section of the Chinese Embassy in Russia. (Photo courtesy of Moscow Overseas Chinese Federation)

　　Liu Wei, Minister Counselor of the Consular Section of the Chinese Embassy in Russia, extended holiday congratulations and best wishes to the representatives of the veterans attending the meeting on behalf of the Embassy, and expressed sincere respect to friends who care about and support the development of Sino-Russian relations. She said that China and Russia, as the main battlefields in Europe and Asia respectively, have suffered huge national sacrifices for the victory of the world anti-fascist war and made indelible historical contributions. China and Russia are important forces for maintaining world peace and stability. In recent years, under the strategic guidance of the two heads of state, China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation in the new era has maintained a healthy, stable and in-depth development and has continuously advanced to a higher level. Maintaining and developing Sino-Russian relations is a strategic choice made by both sides based on the fundamental interests of the two peoples, and it is also an inevitable requirement to conform to the general trend of world development. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia, and it is also the year of Sino-Russian culture. The relations between the two countries are facing new opportunities for development. We will work together to fully implement the important consensus reached by the two heads of state and make our own contribution to China-Russia permanent good-neighborly friendship, comprehensive strategic cooperation, and mutually beneficial cooperation and win-win results.

　　Kalyadin, President of the International League of Russian Victory Heirs, expressed sincere greetings to the veterans and representatives of veteran associations who participated in this event, and expressed sincere gratitude to the Moscow Overseas Chinese Federation for its contribution to the smooth holding of this event. He said that overseas Chinese in Russia actively integrate into Russian society and maintain and carry forward the tradition of caring for veterans, which is the embodiment of the friendship between the two peoples, and Russian veterans and the Russian people will never forget this.

On April 27th, local time, the networking event "Inheriting the Victory Tradition and Cherishing World Peace" was held in Moscow. The picture shows a speech by Wang Chuanbao, president of the Overseas Chinese Federation in Moscow. (Photo courtesy of Moscow Overseas Chinese Federation)

　　Wang Chuanbao, president of the Overseas Chinese Federation in Moscow, said that in the world anti-fascist war, China and Russia (the Soviet Union) joined hands and supported each other, forming a profound fighting friendship. Overseas Chinese in Russia will pass on this blood-condensed friendship and jointly write a new chapter in friendship.

On April 27th, local time, the networking event "Inheriting the Victory Tradition and Cherishing World Peace" was held in Moscow. The picture shows Russian artists performing. (Photo courtesy of Moscow Overseas Chinese Federation)

　　General Azarov, Chairman of the Russian Veterans’ Union, and Medvedev, Chairman of the Moscow branch of the Russian Peace Foundation, also delivered warm speeches respectively.

　　During the event, Chinese and Russian artists jointly performed wonderful cultural programs.

On April 27th, local time, the networking event "Inheriting the Victory Tradition and Cherishing World Peace" was held in Moscow. The picture shows China artists performing. (Photo courtesy of Moscow Overseas Chinese Federation)

　　The Federation of Overseas Chinese in Moscow and the International Union of Successors of Victory in Russia have jointly held this activity for the sixth time. The purpose of the activity is to let more people know about the great sacrifices and contributions made by China and Russia during the world anti-fascist war, to show the admiration and care of overseas Chinese living in Russia for the veterans, to teach the younger generation of overseas Chinese living in Russia to remember history by example, to cherish the hard-won peace, and to contribute to the friendship between China and Russia for generations. (End)

There used to be more than 2,000 ＂Union Hospital＂ in China, and only three of them were real.

Everything seems to be a cottage. There is Huaqiang North in the mobile phone industry, and there is a high imitation Putian system in shoes, clothes and bags. Identifying genuine and fake cosmetics is also like playing the most difficult "finding differences".

But what many people don’t know is that the hospital that each of us will go to in this life may also have a cottage version.

In the past, there were about 2,000 "Concord Hospital" in China, but there were only three officially recognized orthodox Concord Hospital [1]. Walking into a "Union Medical College Hospital" casually is like a cat falling into Schrodinger’s box, and I don’t know whether the road ahead is dead or alive. What awaits me is Hua Tuo’s reincarnation or an undocumented quack.

When choosing a hospital, we should start with the name of this hospital.

The famous hospital you went to may be fake.

In Jin Yong’s martial arts Jianghu, there are "magical powers in ashes of time’s southern emperor and northern beggar", while in China’s medical field, there are "East Qilu, West Huaxi, South Xiangya, North Xiehe and Central Tongji".

However, the reputation of the hospital has also made some little-known small hospitals use their brains to "rub the heat" by the name of these well-known hospitals.

"tongji hospital" and "Union Medical College Hospital" once blossomed everywhere in China.In 2007, more than 50 hospitals across the country called themselves "Xiehe", and later this number increased to about 2,000 [1][2].

Therefore, in February, 2021, the State Administration of Market Supervision issued a document to check and clean up the private medical institutions that use well-known hospital names such as Concord, Huashan, Tongji, Huaxi, Xiangya, Qilu and Tongren [3].

Many "fake" hospitals named by the policy have been cancelled or renamed. Eye-to-eye survey shows that the fake "Union Hospital" in China has almost disappeared.Among the existing hospitals, 157 hospitals have changed their names from "Xiehe".Only one hospital in Xinjiang has "Concord" in its name.

At present, there are no private hospitals with "Huashan" and "Qilu" in their names. There are only two or three private hospitals with "Huaxi" and "Xiangya", while there are 89 private hospitals with "Tongren" and "Tongji".

However, some hospitals are still playing the edge ball tirelessly.For well-known hospitals such as Renji, Ruijin, Chang Gung and Zhongshan, which are not directly mentioned in the document, the number of impostors has increased instead of decreasing.

For example, among the existing hospitals, 31 used "Renji" as their former name, but 65 used it as their current name, which fully doubled.

There is also a hospital in Sichuan, which used to pretend to be "Xiehe", but now it is called "Chang Gung" with a registered capital of only 310,000, which may not even buy a medical device.

Geographically, the existing counterfeit hospitals are mainly distributed in Hubei, Jiangsu and Yunnan.

When these hospitals are named, they often deliberately impersonate well-known local hospitals.For example, there are several West China hospitals in Sichuan, and several tongji hospital in Wuhan.Many people who don’t know the truth may mistake these fake hospitals for "West China is divided into the West" and "Tongji is divided into economies".

Naming is just the beginning of fake hospital marketing.

In Hebei, the original Dingzhou Union Medical College Hospital, which has been cancelled, once posted a sign in the outpatient hall of the hospital claiming to be "National Union Medical College Brand Chain Hospital", and blatantly referred to itself and Peking Union Medical College Hospital as "Union Department", which is called "touching porcelain on the moon" [4].

In 2019, a pregnant woman went to the hospital for examination, and she was induced to have an operation in a daze. In the end, the cost of the operation was as high as 13,000, which was six times more expensive than that of ordinary public hospitals [1].

Peking Union Medical College Hospital had to emphasize many times.In China, only Union Medical College Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Union Medical College Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University and Peking Union Medical College Hospital are related [5].

Between the true and false Concorde, there is a galaxy missing.

Well-known hospitals are often impersonated, in the final analysis, because their medical level is generally recognized. Like Peking Union Medical College Hospital, which is often impersonated, it is almost an insurmountable "legend" in China Hospital.

According to the 2020 edition of China Hospital Rankings published by Fudan University,Peking Union Medical College Hospital ranks first among hospitals in China, and has been ranked first for many years.. Of the 48 departments in the hospital, 29 ranked among the top ten in China [6].

In addition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital is also good at solving all kinds of intractable diseases. According to the First List of Rare Diseases published in 2018, Peking Union Medical College Hospital basically has the ability to diagnose and treat 121 rare diseases included in the catalogue [7].

There are also two other hospitals belonging to the "Concord Department", which are also among the top 100 hospitals [6].

You know, National Health Commission’s data shows that there are more than 36,000 hospitals in China [8], and it is extremely difficult to achieve the achievement of ranking in the top 100 among so many hospitals.

Compared with the "fake Concord", the real Concord Hospital has never lacked patients, let alone used advertisements to promote itself. In 2020, Peking Union Medical College Hospital performed 36,697 operations, which is equivalent to more than 100 operations a day [9].

In addition to "Union Hospital", hospitals such as west china hospital and Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, which are often impersonated, are also in the forefront of the list of hospitals in China all the year round [6].

These hospitals often do not collapse in all subjects, and they can also have many special specialties.

For example,Huashan Hospital is not only good at dermatology and neurology, but also ranks first in infectious diseases in China [6].Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, on the other hand, is well-known in the world for its burn department. In 1958, it pioneered the successful treatment of large area burn patients in the world [10].

There is also the West China Stomatological Hospital of Sichuan University, which is famous for its stomatology. As the first stomatological hospital in China, it ranks first in the national stomatology rankings all the year round [11]. In 2020, the highest score of science in stomatology major of Sichuan University in the province reached 690, which was only four or five points lower than that in Qingbei [12].

Their strength is also largely attributed to the accumulation of history.The well-known hospital brand names alone have a lot to offer.

For example, Peking Union Medical College Hospital has been established for more than 100 years. Its predecessor was "Union Medical College" founded by British and American people in China in the Qing Dynasty. "Union" is a Chinese translation of "Union" [13].

Tongji hospital, formerly known as Shanghai Devon Medical College founded by German doctor paulun erich in 1907, was later renamed Tongji Devon Medical College, and "Tongji" means helping each other in the same boat [14].

After all, those fake hospitals can only copy their names, but they can’t copy their strength and history.

There are other naming routines instead of high imitation.

For ordinary private hospitals, the high imitation route is no longer easy to go, and there is no hundred years of history to fold their own buff. How should we choose the name of this hospital?

After analyzing nearly 30,000 private hospitals in Tianyan survey, we found that hospital naming actually has obvious preference just like naming newborns.People, health, safety, faith, love and beauty are the favorite words in the name of private hospitals.

After these keywords are arranged and combined, they all sound very sunny and positive.

Many hospitals have "Huimin", "Limin" and "for the people" in their names.Just like the "Zi Hao", "Zi Hao" and "Zi Hao" in the baby, it is as stupid and confusing. Hospitals in the name of "benevolence", "fraternity" and "friendship" are also spread all over the country, trying to convince patients of the humanistic care of hospitals.

Interestingly, just like the "Wanghao Milk" and "Haiyisi Shampoo" that can often be bought in rural shops,Many private hospitals are named "Harmony", "Harmony" and "Harmony", which is a high imitation of Union Hospital in disguise.

Once a "Union Hospital" in a certain place in Shandong Province, it is now called Union Hospital. There is also a hospital in Gansu that used the name of "Xiehe" for nearly 10 years, and now it is called Harmony Hospital.

In addition to take that positive sunshine route,There are also some hospitals that love to follow the "high-end trend" and name themselves "International", "Huaxia" and "Century". Some of these hospitals are really strong. For example, the scale of an international medical center in Shaanxi is comparable to that of a public third-class hospital, and the level of ear plastic surgery department is the world’s leading.

There are also some hospitals that will give themselves foreign names, such as Angel, Maria, Edward and Apollo, etc. If you explore carefully,You will find that many hospitals called "Maria" specialize in gynecology, while those called "Apollo" specialize in andrology.

It is worth mentioning that more than 80% of private hospitals are Putian hospitals [15]. According to China Youth Daily and other media reports, there are four families in Putian: Chen, Zhan, Lin and Huang.The names of hospitals under different families have their own characteristics [16][17].

For example, the Zhan family controls many "Maria maternity hospitals", the Lin family’s hospitals love to be named as "fraternity", "benevolence" and "Apollo", and the Chen family has many "Huaxia hospitals".

Although some of these Putian hospitals are famous for their beauty and high quality,However, there may be problems of incomplete qualifications and arbitrary charges.

Therefore, for a hospital, most of them do not have the so-called "hospital as its name suggests". Although there are conscience hospitals in private hospitals, they can’t be screened by name, not to mention some cottage hospitals that are keen on marketing. Trusting the name and advertisement of the hospital may become a "boy who sends money" to unscrupulous hospitals, and even end up making money and dying.

Choosing a hospital, doctors’ level, department qualifications and hospital scale can all be reasons, and the name is almost the least important factor.　

[1] Yuan Ting,&Ma Xiaohui. (2019). The detours that non-public medical care has taken by the famous brands and brushes. People’s Daily Online. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from http://health.people.com.cn/N1/2019/0106/C14739-30505861.

[2] Wang Cheng,&Wei Mingyan. (2007). There are more than 50 fake Union Medical College hospitals in China that cheat patients by four means. China News Network. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://www. chinanews.com.cn/JK/HyxW/news/2007/01-18.

[3] General Office of the General Administration of Market Supervision. (2021). Notice of the General Office of the General Administration of Market Supervision on Resolutely Cleaning up and Rectifying the Problem of Well-known Hospitals Being Counterfeited. Chinese government website. Retrieved on feb 22, 2022 from http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-02/18/content _ 5587534

[4] Zhu Mo. (2020). There are 2,122 "Concord" in China, and only 3 are genuine: How does Shanzhai Hospital make a dull profit? . interface news. retrieved on feb 22, 2022 from https://www.jiemian.com/article/5384352.html..

[5] Yang Yuqi (2018). There are more than 1,700 "Union Hospital" in China, and how many of them are genuine? . China News Agency. Retrieved on feb 22, 2022 from http://finance.china.com.cn/industry/medicine/20181022/4788166.shtml.

[6] Institute of Medical Management, Fudan University. (2021). China Hospital Rankings in 2020. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from http://www.fudanmed.com/institute/news2020-2.aspx..

[7] Beijing Municipal Health and Health Commission, & Rare Diseases Branch of Beijing Medical Association. (2018). List of recommended hospitals/departments with the ability to diagnose and treat diseases in the first batch of rare diseases catalogue (2018). Retrieved on feb 22, 2022 from http://wjw.beijing.gov.cn/zwgk _ 20040/ylyl.

[8] Chinese government network. (2021). Number of national medical and health institutions at the end of March 2021. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from http://www.nhc.gov.cn/mohwsbwstjxxzx/S 7967/202105/4F51366F90D2437A 8297.

[9] Peking Union Medical College Hospital official website. Hospital profile. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://www.pumch.cn/centenary.html..

[10] Fang Peiyao, Zhang Qin&Liu Yan. (2018). Summary of 60th anniversary of burn specialty in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Chinese Journal of Burn, 2018,34 (9): 584-587.　

[11] official website of West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University. Hospital profile. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://www.hxkq.org/Html/Hospitals/Main/Description.html..

[12] China Education Online. Pocket College Entrance Examination. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://gaokao.eol.cn/..

[13] Peking Union Medical College Hospital official website. Hospital History Museum. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://www.pumch.cn/Uploads/xhyyysgdo/html/index.html?. scene_id=80022293.

[14] tongji hospital, affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, became famous for spreading western medicine in Shanghai (1900-1937). Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://history.tjh.com.cn/schoolhistory/hmemorialiadetail.aspx? Id=1050.

[15] Bi Yajun. (2016). Why can the deadly Putian Department account for 80% of the national private medical market? Interface News. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://www.jiemian.com/article/632855.html..

[16] Lu Yijie. (2015). The medical empire of whirlpool center. China Youth Daily. Retrieved on feb 22, 2022 from http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2015-04/13/NW.d1100000zgqnb _ 20150413 _

[17] Guo Jie. (2016). Secret of the list of "Putian Department" private hospitals. CBN. Retrieved on Feb 22, 2022 from https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2016/5/344932.shtm..

Source: Netease Digital Reading

The original title is "There were more than 2,000 Union Medical College hospitals in China, and only 3 were real".

Upgrading Smart Toll Service： The first remote ＂Smart Cloud＂ toll station in Henan is put into use.

On April 16th, the first full-station long-distance "Smart Cloud" toll station in Henan Province-Lankao West Standard Demonstration Toll Station of Japan-Zhao-Lan Expressway was completed and put into operation.

Lankao West Toll Station opened for operation (2248492)-20240506103833.png

The horn of speeding up the construction of a transportation power has sounded, and the wave of building a smart highway is surging forward. In order to realize the vision of "people enjoy their travel and goods flow smoothly", it is an indispensable and important part to make the expressway more convenient and efficient through technical empowerment. Facing the new situation and new requirements of "one network running and integrated service" of the national expressway, it has become a development trend to continuously promote digital operation management and business transformation and upgrading by using the new generation of intelligent information technology to further improve the traffic efficiency of toll stations, improve the satisfaction of travel services, reduce the daily operating costs of toll stations, and create fewer people and intelligent toll stations.

In order to meet the people’s demand for beautiful travel, the operation and management unit of Rilan Expressway continued to innovate, accelerated the digital transformation, and built Lankao West standard demonstration toll station through various smart facilities and information technology. The convenient experience of improving service quality and passing quickly gives drivers and passengers a real sense of experience and gain.

Centralized management and control of whole station intelligence

Driving through the Lankao West standard demonstration toll station, the roadside wisdom cloud cabin catches people’s attention. As the "central brain" of the toll station, the smart cloud cabin integrates charging, monitoring, ticket management, broadcasting and information release, and realizes centralized control of the charging site business.

Lankao West Toll Station Wisdom Cloud Cabin (2248498)-20240506140806.jpg

Efficient management benefits from the comprehensive innovation of construction concept and technology. It is understood that Lankao West Standard Demonstration Toll Station adopts "whole station intelligent terminal+intensive assembly construction+less humanized operation service" to create a new generation of "smart cloud" toll station. Introduce smart cloud cabin, edge station, ramp pre-transaction and other technologies, comprehensively innovate the traditional toll station construction and operation mode, realize self-service payment, remote duty and other functions, and greatly reduce the construction, operation and system operation and maintenance costs.

As the first "Smart Cloud" toll station in Henan Province with no kiosks and narrow islands, Lankao West Standard Demonstration Toll Station has unified configuration and deployment of the toll station based on the original site, and increased the original five lanes to eight lanes to meet the growing traffic demand. In the design and construction process, the concept of "innovation, intelligence and green" has been applied to the whole process of expressway operation and management, and new concepts, new technologies and new equipment have been fully utilized. It has achieved "intensive lanes, lightweight construction and intelligent operation", greatly improving the traffic efficiency of vehicles and providing people with a more convenient, efficient, safe and comfortable travel environment.

"Eight Highlights" Unlock New Travel Experience

As an important expressway leading to lankao county, the birthplace of Jiao Yulu spirit, the daily average traffic volume of the original Lankao West Toll Station can reach 10,000 vehicles, and the once "two up and three down" toll lanes can no longer meet the increasing traffic demand.

After the implementation of the transformation and upgrading of digital intelligence, the traffic efficiency of the Lankao West standard demonstration toll station, which has gathered the "eight highlights", has been significantly improved, and the congestion problem at the toll station has been effectively solved. The facilities empowered by wisdom have also made the past drivers and passengers feel refreshed and unlocked. Travel new experience.

Free-flow pre-transaction on ramp promotes the traffic efficiency greatly, the concept of building a station on narrow island helps toll stations to stop becoming blocking points, ETC lane lantern design innovates new visual experience, intelligent self-service lanes are fully covered to improve the self-service toll collection capacity of lanes, managers are in front and toll collectors are behind, which realizes the transformation from three-foot booth to smart cloud cabin, remote cloud seating system integrates scientific and technological elements into special handling, island-front guidance facilities and data fusion system realize flexible control of lane-level order, and edge stations help intelligent transformation of toll stations to lay the foundation of edge computing platform.

At present, the safe, convenient and efficient Lankao West standard demonstration toll station has become the "four firsts" in Henan Province (the first red toll station that inherits the spirit of Jiao Yulu; The first intensive toll station with few people and no pavilion, narrow island and narrow shed; The first toll station with pre-management and post-charging, and a smart cloud cabin; The first quasi-free flow toll station with on-ramp pre-transaction) is an accurate demonstration toll station.

Humanized design does not slow down.

Transformation and upgrading are smarter. The putting into use of the remote toll station is a concrete practice to realize the concept of "self-help with fewer people, automation with fewer people, and intelligent assistance with people", which can effectively improve the work efficiency of staff and enable staff to deal with special situations, service guidance and emergency support in a more focused and timely manner.

Intelligent Robot of Lankao West Toll Station (2248450)-20240506140948.jpg

Lankao West Standard Demonstration Toll Station has set up a pre-paid portal at the entrance and exit to advance ETC transactions from the driveway to the ramp; Using lightweight guidance screen to prompt the transaction status of vehicles, effectively shunting vehicles; Pre-weighing equipment is also installed at the entrance of the toll station to realize the dynamic detection of passing vehicles without stopping, slowing down and feeling, forming a mode of "ETC+ smart card issuing robot+export smart charging robot+remote control duty", which truly realizes the self-service card collection and charging of "CPC card +ETC vehicle full model". The equipment is divided into upper and lower stations, and the automatic extension function of the stations is added. The humanized design is not only convenient for different types of vehicles to pick up their own cards, but also unattended in the whole process of charging. The "self-service card issuing machine" automatically issues cards and the "smart payment robot" self-service payment promotes the high-quality development of charging business.

Compared with the traditional manual toll collection mode, the remote toll station has achieved better results in improving release efficiency, reducing operating costs, reducing capital risks, strengthening safety management, upgrading management efficiency, and realizing carbon reduction and energy enhancement.

The TV series ＂Moscow Action＂ was awarded 1 million yuan for copyright infringement in the first instance.

　　At that time, Ai Anjun wrote this arrest experience into a long newsletter, which was first published in the first edition of Beijing Evening News on October 23, 1993, and later published a serial report in the Evening News, which aroused widespread concern.

　　The TV series "Moscow Action" broadcast in 2018, starring Xia Yu and Betty, gained a good reputation once it was broadcast. However, due to the copyright issue of the play and the script, the TV series was sued. Shanghai Putuo District People’s Court made a first-instance judgment on July 31, and found that the producer of the play, Banner (Shanghai) Digital Media Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Banner Media), constituted copyright infringement, and sentenced the company to compensate the plaintiff, Ai Anjun, for economic losses of RMB 1 million.

　　justify

　　The defendant claimed that the script was based on the dictation of the police who witnessed it.

　　The Sino-Russian international train robbery caused a sensation throughout the country in the 1990s.

　　The story introduction shows that the TV series "Moscow Action" was adapted from the sensational "Great Robbery of the China-Russia Train" in 1993: on the international train from Beijing to Moscow, more than a dozen gangsters robbed the passengers in the carriage. In order to catch the robbery gang, the Chinese police sent an ad hoc group headed by Chen Erli to Russia for arrest, and carried out a tortuous and thrilling pursuit trip in a foreign country.

　　The reporter learned that the plaintiff, Ai Anjun, was one of the participants in the hunt that year, was also the propaganda officer of the public security system of Beijing Railway Bureau, and was the first author to publish an article to report the historical event. In 1995, the film "China-Russia Train Robbery" was adapted from the works of Ai Anjun.

　　Ai Anjun sued that since 1993, he has published more than 30 detective reports and documentary literary works related to the "Sino-Russian train robbery". The TV series "Moscow Action" is adapted from the story of "The Great Robbery of the Train between China and Russia".

　　Ai Anjun sued the writers Xu and Hu of Flag Media and Moscow Action, arguing that the defendant had embezzled the bridge in his works and adapted it into a TV series, claiming an economic claim of 1 million yuan.

　　Defendant Flag Media said when responding to the lawsuit that "Moscow Action" was a brand-new TV series created by inviting the witness of the historical event of "China-Russia International Train Robbery" and the police officer who handled the case at that time, taking Cheng’s dictation as the creative basis, and taking himself as the prototype of the TV series hero "Chen Erli" and conducting relevant interviews with the police officers who participated in the case in that year.

　　The defendant claimed that Mo did not refer to Ai Anjun’s documentary literature and enjoyed independent copyright. And think that the related historical figures and events are objective in history and the common wealth of society, and there is no substantial similarity between the two works.

　　dispute

　　What is the nature of witnessing the dictation of the police?

　　It is reported that the prototype of Chen Erli called by Banner Media — — Cheng, who participated in the detection of the Sino-Russian train robbery, was the main commander of the operation at that time.

　　There is a confirmation letter from Cheng in the defendant’s evidence. He admitted that as a witness of the incident, he told the process and details of the action in that year orally, and agreed that Flag Media used its oral content and used it as the protagonist to create TV scripts and shoot TV dramas.

　　The main screenwriter Xu also provided the court with interview notes on Cheng. Xu said that because he thought that Cheng’s dictation was more reliable, he didn’t consider other data collection at that time, and he didn’t watch related movies and written works.

　　However, Ai Anjun believes that most of the characters in the TV series "Moscow Action" copied the characters in their own works. In terms of scenes, the TV series shows that passengers are robbed and beaten, and robbers chase after passengers after parking, which are basically similar to the robbery process described in the plaintiff’s works. In addition, there is a story in the script that describes the robber robbing and raping the victim in front of the victim’s husband, which is similar to what he published in Woodpecker magazine.

　　What is the nature of Cheng’s dictation as one of the witnesses? The judgment discussed this.

　　The judgment pointed out that although Cheng was one of the main participants in the Sino-Russian international train chase in that year, he personally experienced the arrest activities related to crimes, but he did not participate in all the actions such as arrest, interrogation and escort in all cases. In an interview with Xu in 2015, Cheng stated that in addition to the actions he participated in, there were a lot of heroic deeds of other police officers. He disclosed these contents to Xu, much later than the works published by Ai Anjun since 1990s.

　　Therefore, the court found that Cheng’s statement was similar to the content expressed in Ai Anjun’s works, and his dictation was a repetition of the plaintiff’s works and did not constitute a new work. Because Cheng’s statement is not the first disclosure to the outside world, the content of his statement to Xu does not constitute an "oral work" in the sense of copyright law. Therefore, the TV script created according to Cheng’s oral content cannot be taken for granted as original.

　　contrast

　　Take "Second Sister" Zhao Jinhua as an example to compare the similarity.

　　The reporter noted that the court compared the descriptions of the villain "Zhao Jinhua" in the two works with examples in the judgment.

　　Zhao Jinhua, the criminal "Second Sister" created by Ai Anjun, is a villain based on his personal experience in escorting Zhao Jinhua back to China and Zhao Jinhua’s identity and criminal facts he learned during the escort. He once described it in the works published in Woodpecker magazine:

　　At 4: 20 pm on June 14th, Jiang Zhanlin, Wang Diandong and others rushed to the police station of Gadensky Railway Station to interrogate the suspect Zhao Jinhua, nicknamed "Second Sister". … … Zhao Jinhua was in cahoots with Zhu Xingjin and other gangsters, and was called "the first lady in Moscow" by the gangsters. In many crimes, she is the mastermind and the leader of robbery, with a pistol in her waist, bossy and domineering. (Woodpecker, page 11)

　　I asked Zhao Jinhua if he often went to Casino. She showed a hint of pride: "often." She said that she had a glorious life of being rich and bossing around. When she jumped the queue, she got into the habit of smoking jadeite cigarettes. Anyone she was willing to help, she handed each other a box of jadeite cigarettes and put them on a small table. When the robbers on the train see who has the jade cigarette case in the box, they will immediately withdraw: "This is the second sister’s person, don’t grab it!" (Woodpecker, page 19)

　　There are some similar characters in the script of the TV series "Moscow Action":

　　For example, in section 38 of episode 1 of the script, in the private room of a brothel in Moscow, "Second Sister" walked into the private room, sat down on the sofa and lit a cigarette.

　　On the first train in episode 5, the second sister sat in the aisle and lit a phoenix cigarette. The cigarette case of Feng Huang cigarette was held in the second sister’s hand.

　　In episode 14, section 17, on the night of the K3 train robbery, a China man was robbed in his box. He sat on the sleeper and dared not move, his eyes pointed out of the box. At this time, Second Sister just walked to his balcony door. Second sister sat in the aisle and lit a phoenix cigarette.

　　In the later TV series Operation Moscow, Zhao Jinhua’s Phoenix smoke was changed to peony smoke.

　　judgement

　　Confirmed that it constituted copyright infringement and awarded compensation of 1 million.

　　The judgment takes the description and performance of the villain Zhao Jinhua in the defendant’s TV series and scripts as an example, and holds that the defendant’s expression of this role — — There are many scenes and scenes of smoking peony cigarettes, which obviously originated from the plot of Zhao Jinhua smoking Jade brand cigarettes in the plaintiff’s works. Zhao Jinhua’s enchanting appearance, domineering personality and other plot contents are also consistent with the characters created in the plaintiff’s works. It can be seen that the TV script follows the bridge in the plaintiff’s works.

　　The court held that the description and performance of Zhao Jinhua’s characters in the TV series and scripts of Moscow Action basically revolved around the plot expression described in Ai Anjun’s works. Through the above examples and the comparison of the works of the two parties in court, it can be seen that the defendant’s TV script and the works published by the plaintiff have the same internal structure and plot collocation, forming a similar overall appearance. From the overall effect, the defendant is still a reproduction or adaptation of the plaintiff’s previous works.

　　In view of the fact that Xu and Hu have transferred the script copyright of Mo to Banner Media, and Banner Media has been granted the copyright by a third party, which is the copyright owner of Mo. Accordingly, the Putuo District People’s Court of Shanghai ruled that Banner Media should compensate Ai Anjun for the economic loss of copyright infringement of RMB 1 million.

　　interlinkage

　　The Train Robbers

　　In the early 1990s, the K3/4 international train from Beijing to Ulaanbaatar and Moscow became a convenient passage for "international profiteers" to go to Russia for gold. Some lawless elements took an eye on the goods and money of this train, and changed from a profiteer to a "knife-bearer".

　　On May 26th, 1993, the K3 international train bound for Russia arrived at Erenhot, the border station of China, more than 10 hours after its departure. China got off the train by the police according to the regulations, and then the train entered the territory of Mongolia. On that day, a total of four brutal thugs were waiting outside the country for this train from Beijing.

　　During the six-day and six-night trip, this train was looted by four gangs and turned into a "bad luck train". According to incomplete statistics, hundreds of passengers were injured, more than 20 people were injured and stabbed, and three women were raped and gang-raped. The value of the robbed property reached one million yuan. (Reporter Lei Zhang)

What kind of rivers and lakes does the online drama ＂Anti-Black＂ present？

The most popular film and television work in Jordan chan at present is not the online drama "Anti-Black", but a variety show that takes children to the countryside. For most people, the favorite scene at present is to watch Brother Pheasant play the role of Big Wolf.

"Pheasant Brother" is a classic character created by Jordan chan in Hong Kong’s "Young and Dangerous" series films in the late 1990s. Times have changed, and the theme and style of the once-popular gang film and television works are also different.

Conventional changeable stories usually choose to write low and go high, greet the ending after the climax, gradually escalate the difficulties, gradually increase the task coefficient, defeat the biggest behind-the-scenes hand, open a dark page, the hero gets the laurel, may be sacrificed, or may be reunited after twists and turns. However, Anti-Black tells the story in a romantic style.

The opening is the big scene of the gang electing a new speaker. After only one episode, all the bosses of the gang "Hexingsheng", which has a century-old foundation in Hong Kong, have a turning point in their careers because of the existence of police undercover Phoenix Brother (Jordan chan). The pyramid-shaped organization structure of Xinghesheng was pinched off by the police, and it was leaderless, so it became fragmented.

Brother Phoenix, with red hair, dyed his hair back to black, changed his real name to "Chen Fengxiang" and returned to the police force. From 1986, he completed the big business of one pot to 1994, he was transferred to the anti-gang unit by his boss and worked as a civilian for eight years. These eight years, just like the eight years of being a Phoenix elder brother and thriving undercover, were suppressed by Anti-Black. Both the climax and the trough can’t be pressed, and the waves in calm have become the main theme of Anti-Black.

Jordan chan plays Chen Fengxiang.

After the general election of gangs in the summer of 1986, the prosperous territory of the older generation was eroded by other underground forces. On the eve of Hong Kong’s reunification, foreign forces, represented by "George", infiltrated into gang organizations and secretly manipulated various forces, becoming the biggest beneficiaries behind the scenes.

George’s first puppet was Zhang Zhiqiang (Zhang Jiansheng), nicknamed "Arrogant". This younger brother, who was trained by Phoenix in undercover period, was suspected to be an "inside ghost" of the police sneaking into the gang organization during the general election. After Phoenix revealed his true identity, he suffered a double blow mentally, his faith collapsed, his temperament changed greatly, and he became a new generation of gang leaders who were brave and ruthless and regarded Jianghu rules as nothing.

Zhang Jiansheng plays the role of arrogance.

The role of arrogance is arrogant and arrogant, and its modeling and performance are full of evil spirits. It seems to be a typical villain in old Hong Kong films. I thought that he could be arrogant for a long time, practice the declaration of "putting dragons and phoenixes" in his lines, and create a lively and dramatic scene of the opera team. However, it is not in Anti-Black.

Shortly after the opening of Jing Wong’s film Chasing Dragons, there appeared a "dragon and phoenix" in which the police intervened in the gang’s conflagration, while the "dragon and phoenix" in Anti-Gang was the first to see the dragon, and several candidates who appeared after "arrogance" also declared that they wanted to "put on a dragon and phoenix", but the dragon and phoenix were either reduced to a small size or killed in the bud by police officer Chen, who was wise, alert and well versed in the rules of underground forces.

Chen Fengxiang, who represents the forces of justice, has been dancing for nine days, and enter the dragon in the Jianghu is just a twisted local strongman in front of the sword of justice. Arrogance was quickly settled by Chen Fengxiang’s wisdom. Five Hong Kong policemen took 30 bullets and solved a potential bloody conflict without firing a shot. Social peace and order were maintained, and evil fled hastily under the dazzling light of justice.

In the follow-up story, "Anti-Black" allocates more and more scenes to private space, and Chen Fengxiang’s personal life is equally divided with the road of continuing to find people with prosperity. The plot is relatively dull, and Andy Lau’s songs are interspersed with more and more times. Anti-Gangster returns from Hong Kong gangster narrative to Hong Kong drama narrative.

Wu Zhixiong plays brother B.

Most of the actors in Anti-Gangster are familiar faces in Hong Kong films with gangster themes of one era, and some of them were once all-powerful figures in the gang. For example, in the play, Wu Zhixiong, one of the prosperous second-generation leaders, is played by Wu Zhixiong himself. His character experiences are similar, and his nicknames are all Wu Zhixiong’s nickname "Big Brother B" in the Jianghu.

Wu Zhixiong also played a character who used this nickname in the series of Young and Dangerous Men. Unlike the image in the series of Young and Dangerous Men, "Big Brother B" in "Anti-Gangster" looks more like a kind citizen in action, and even uses the same background of the official propaganda film to tell the audience to read more and choose friends carefully. The setting of this role is so similar to the actor himself that it is difficult for the audience to tell whether what they see on the monitor is a character who speaks lines or an old and dangerous man who has retired from the Jianghu for many years.

Li Canchen plays Huang Zhian.

Anti-Gangster has collected four actors in the gangster series. Boon Chung Sung, the director of this drama (and the actor of the character "Prince Chicken"), and Jordan chan of first hero once played the young pheasant and the adult pheasant in the gangster in the Jianghu, and Li Canchen, who plays the male No.3 Huang Zhian, once played the role in atrix, a teenager of gangster. Four pheasants arrived in Anti-Black, some became Phoenix, some became sir, some continued to wander in the rivers and lakes, and some were swallowed by more vicious forces. The rivers and lakes may still be the same rivers and lakes, but Brother Pheasant is no longer a pheasant in the 1990s.

Ng Man Tat plays Uncle Lard.

If we really practice the shooting mode of Hong Kong dramas in the 1990s, Anti-Gangster may not choose the current narrative mode. It’s not that Hong Kong dramas don’t show dying heroes, but the usual focus is on reloading after being lonely.

In order to cater to the choice of time nodes, Anti-Mafia sacrifices the prime time of characterization. Chen Fengxiang’s undercover and prosperous mental journey is the favorite part of the drama law and the part of heroic achievement. Besides being an act, there is also a mental journey covered with thorns. However, after returning to the police force, he was integrated into the collective, and his opponents no longer had the ability to make waves. With the change of social environment, the mastermind of the plot no longer needed small people to complete the impossible task: the opponent of the protagonist became weaker and weaker, and the older generation who used to make waves became older and older. In more and more life plots, "Anti-Mafia" quietly completed the variation of the theme, from the theme involving black.

Although the stories of gang members account for a large proportion in the whole play, their stories often provide all kinds of tragic lessons. People who join gangs for various reasons, especially those young people who are not hopeless, eventually do not become "big brothers" like the young people in the movies of "Young and Dangerous", but blood splashes on the streets, losing everything and losing the direction when they set off. These educational plots, together with the subtle theme of the whole drama, constitute the central narrative of Anti-Gangster-absolute support and absolute trust in the organization.

"Anti-triad" is still one of the most important tasks of the police force in Hong Kong, which involves not only cracking down on underworld gangs, but also dealing with drugs, guns and other criminal activities that infringe on personal rights and property rights. In recent years, many Hong Kong dramas have chosen this police force as the main body of performance. In addition to continuing to pay attention to organizational activities, Anti-Gangster is more about calling back a soul through the re-enactment of the expression techniques of the old Hong Kong drama. This call is also reflected in the recent Hong Kong movies. However, limited by narrative, it has a flavor, but it is not rich enough and exciting enough. It may be regarded as a test of water, but in the end it may be difficult to leave a aftertaste.

The U.S. denuclearization plan is not North Korea’s ＂dish＂？ North Korea’s Foreign Minister： North Korea should keep its nuclear knowledge.

　　CCTV News:The denuclearization negotiations between the DPRK and the United States have encountered bottlenecks. After being rejected by the DPRK for many times, the United States has repeatedly put forward requirements for declaring and handing over nuclear weapons, saying that the United States is "unwilling to wait too long." North Korea, on the other hand, advocates that without the measures to guarantee the system such as the Final War Declaration, it cannot abandon its nuclear program first.

　　According to Yonhap News Agency, Korean intelligence sources said that more than 10,000 troops can be identified at Merrill Lynch Airport near Kim Il Sung Square in Pyongyang, as well as equipment of ground troops such as artillery. Usually, when North Korea holds a military parade in Kim Il Sung Square, it will drill at Merrill Lynch Airport in advance. Therefore, the Korean military believes that North Korea is preparing for the military parade for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China on September 9.

　　The military of South Korea and the United States are stepping up surveillance and reconnaissance activities against North Korea, with the focus on whether intercontinental ballistic missiles will appear on the military parade. In the military parade in February this year, North Korea displayed the "Mars -15" which was considered as an intercontinental ballistic missile, which triggered regional tensions. In the sensitive period of denuclearization negotiations, this symbolic weapon has been paid special attention to. However, the Korean media reported that up to now, the South Korean military has not found intercontinental ballistic missiles, nor has it identified the shielding cloth used to hide missiles.

　　Professor Jin Dongye, Institute of Far East Studies, Han Guoqing South University: "North Korea has the strength not to succumb to the United States. In order to give greater significance to the 70 th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it may make a grand military parade."

　　U.S ambassador to the United Nations: sanctions against the DPRK will not be relaxed.

　　According to observers, hardliners in the United States are losing patience. On the 10th, Singapore’s Lianhe Zaobao website reported that US Ambassador to the United Nations Haley said, "They must understand that the international community still expects them to achieve denuclearization. If they want to delay, we are willing to wait, but we are not willing to wait too long." Haley further stressed that US Secretary of State Pompeo has put forward the "substantive" demands of the United States to North Korea, and Washington will not soften them or relax sanctions against Pyongyang.

　　Repeatedly saying that the US denuclearization plan is not North Korea’s "dish"?

　　What are the so-called "substantive" requirements? The website of Vaux magazine in the United States disclosed on the 8 th that the previously undisclosed timetable for North Korea’s nuclear abandonment proposed by the United States was as follows: North Korea handed over some nuclear warheads within six to eight months; The United States or a third country took over and removed the nuclear warhead from North Korea. However, it is not clear what concessions the United States is willing to make besides lifting sanctions or removing North Korea from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. According to two people familiar with the matter, this is the North Korean nuclear abandonment plan that Pompeo has repeatedly proposed to the DPRK in the past two months, but it has been repeatedly rejected. To make matters more complicated, how many nuclear bombs North Korea actually has has not been disclosed to the United States. Therefore, it is also difficult to verify the final situation of North Korea’s nuclear abandonment.

　　DPRK: The United States should respond positively to the DPRK’s efforts

　　Host of MBC TV station in Korea：“‘ Will not relax sanctions against the DPRK ’ Recently, hardliners in the United States have frequently made such remarks. North Korea strongly condemned this through a spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. North Korea also said that even if it is not too late, the United States should respond to North Korea’s sincere efforts and urge President Trump to make a decision. "

　　North Korea’s Foreign Minister: North Korea should keep its nuclear knowledge.

　　According to Korean Central News Agency’s report on August 9, North Korea recently made a speech in the name of a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, saying that "some senior officials of the U.S. government are keen to stir up the turmoil of sanctions against North Korea against Trump’s will". The United States unilaterally adhered to "denuclearization first" and advocated international sanctions against the DPRK, which failed the expectations of the DPRK.

　　On the 10th, during his visit to Iran, North Korean Foreign Minister Li Yonghao said, "In order to abide by the agreement with the United States, North Korea agreed to denuclearize. But it is also clear that the United States will not give up its hostile policy toward North Korea, so North Korea should retain its nuclear knowledge. "

　　The DPRK urges relevant countries to sign the Final War Declaration.

　　Li Yonghao emphasized the DPRK’s position of agreeing to denuclearization. However, the DPRK’s insistence on denuclearization requires preconditions. Recently, the official newspaper of the Workers’ Party of Korea published a commentary entitled "Publishing the Final War Declaration is the primary task", saying: "Everything has a sequence to achieve its goals" and "The Final War Declaration will be an opportunity to transform the Armistice Agreement into a Peace Agreement." Since US Secretary of State Pompeo visited the DPRK at the beginning of last month, the DPRK has been urging relevant countries to sign the Final War Declaration.

　　Hong Min, researcher of Korea Unification Research Institute: "Why not even sign the Final War Declaration, which has become the basis of trust, but blindly and unilaterally ask for a timetable for denuclearization? (North Korea) basically means this."

　　Korean media believe that on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China on September 9 and the coming of the Party’s founding day on October 10, the main goal in North Korea is still to pay close attention to the economy and hope to achieve economic results through denuclearization.

The poisoning treatment center of Peking University Third Hospital was established.

On the afternoon of August 26th, the establishment ceremony and academic seminar of the poisoning treatment center of Peking University Third Hospital was held in the conference room on the third floor of the administrative office building.

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Meeting site

Researcher Sun Chengye, chief expert of CDC poisoning control in China, Deputy Director of PLA Poisoning Treatment Center, Director of Poisoning Laboratory of the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Sun Hongqiang, Vice President of Peking University Sixth Hospital, Executive Vice President of Peking University, Director of Medical Department, Academician Qiao Jie, Dean of Peking University Third Hospital, Fu Wei, Vice President and Director of Occupational Diseases Department of Peking University Third Hospital, Party Hospital Office, Information Management and Big Data Center, Medical Department, Emergency Department, Laboratory Department, and Medical Department.

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Vice President Li Shuqiang presided over the meeting.

The ceremony was presided over by Vice President Li Shuqiang.

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Speech by Dean Qiao Jie

At the ceremony, President Qiao Jie first expressed his gratitude to the industry experts who came to the scene and supported the poisoning treatment work of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University for a long time. She pointed out that the poisoning incident seriously endangered people’s physical and mental health and life safety. The hospital made overall arrangements to set up a poisoning treatment center under the leadership of the Occupational Diseases Department, focused on discipline construction and multidisciplinary coordinated development, and explored the poisoning treatment mode of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University as a starting point to improve the hospital’s poisoning treatment capacity, thus solidly promoting the pace of the construction of treatment centers with important clinical characteristics, and contributing to the construction of a healthy China while further improving the overall medical service capacity of the hospital.

Picture 2.png

Fu Wei, vice president, read out the notice on agreeing to set up the poisoning treatment center of Peking University Third Hospital.

Vice President Fu Wei read a notice about agreeing to set up a poisoning treatment center in Peking University Third Hospital.

Picture 3.png

Yu Tao, deputy director of the Quality Control Office of the Medical Department, Ma Qingbian, director of the emergency department, and Cui Liyan, director of the clinical laboratory, reported on the preparation of the hospital poisoning treatment center.

Subsequently, the relevant persons in charge of the Medical Department, the Emergency Department and the Clinical Laboratory respectively reported on the preparation process of the center. At present, the hospital poisoning treatment center adopts the working mode of multidisciplinary cooperation and sequential treatment, and has the ability to transport and treat patients in batches, and has high-end treatment technologies such as target temperature management of poisoning first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, bedside bronchoscopy, hemofiltration, perfusion, plasma exchange, etc. It has the ability to analyze 31 poisons in 5 categories, including pesticides, drug metabolites identification, chemical poisons and heavy metal poisons. An integrated and sequential poisoning treatment platform has been initially established, which includes first aid, poison detection, treatment of severe patients, review and rehabilitation of poisoned patients.

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Researcher Sun Chengye, the chief expert of CDC poisoning control in China, gave a report at the academic seminar.

Picture 5.png

Sun Chengwen, deputy director of the PLA Poisoning Treatment Center and director of the Poisoning Laboratory of the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, gave a report at the academic seminar.

At the academic seminar, researcher Sun Chengye and director Sun Chengwen gave academic reports on the characteristics of poisoning events, clinical treatment and diagnosis ability and the achievements of poisoning prevention and control in recent years with the themes of "Problems in Epidemiological Research and Response of Poisoning in China" and "Clinical Poison Detection and Case Analysis" respectively, and the participants had a heated discussion.

The establishment of the poisoning treatment center of Peking University Third Hospital marks a new step in the hospital poisoning treatment system. The next step will be to focus on discipline construction, strengthen discipline cooperation, further improve the quality and efficiency of treatment of poisoning patients, enhance the emergency handling ability of public health emergencies, and provide strong support for the construction of hospital clinical characteristic treatment centers.

Volcano Engine Cloud Search Service upgrades the new cloud native architecture and provides billions of distributed vector database capabilities.

From the beginning of the development of the Internet, search technology has bloomed with amazing social and economic value. With the rapid development of information society, the data is exploding. Search technology meets the needs of information sharing and rapid retrieval through data collection and processing.

ESCloud, a cloud search service, is a fully hosted online distributed search service provided by Volcano Engine, which is compatible with Elasticsearch, Kibana and other software and common open source plug-ins. It can provide multi-conditional retrieval, statistics and reports of structured and unstructured texts, help realize one-click deployment, flexible expansion and contraction, simplify operation and maintenance, and quickly build practical services such as log analysis and information retrieval analysis.

With the rise of Serverless and the general trend, Volcano Engine’s cloud search service has upgraded its cloud native new architecture.

Cloud Search Service Cloud Native Edition

K-NN, Native Vector Search and Database in the Age of Big Model

With the emergence of recommendation, audio and video applications and the demand for large model scenes, it is imperative to introduce multimodal search to meet more complex search needs. On the basis of full-text retrieval, we increase the ability of vector search to analyze and retrieve unstructured data.

In the scene of vector search, the machine learning model is used to generate vectors to represent data objects (text, image, audio and video, etc.); Vector distance to represent the similarity between objects. The commonly used vector database uses ANN algorithm to complete the retrieval of massive vectors in a very short time.

K-NN can be used as a vector database. By introducing an advanced vector algorithm library to build a vector index, the constructed vector index will be persisted to disk, making the index more stable. Combined with the inverted index of ESCloud products, the capabilities of vector retrieval and full-text retrieval can be integrated to achieve a more powerful Hybrid Search capability. Based on the cluster of ESCloud, k-NN vector database can provide large-scale distributed capability and bring scalable vector search to users.

Scenario case

There are six main business scenarios based on k-NN, which are currently used in complex business scenarios in ByteDance:

·　Multi-modal search: including image search, semantic search, audio-video similarity retrieval, etc.

·　Intelligent recommendation: video recommendation, advertising recommendation, relationship recommendation, product recommendation, etc.

·　Intelligent question answering: FAQ based on Transformer, domain knowledge question answering based on LLM, and generative QA based on LangChain set;

·　Data de-duplication: video, audio and pictures are audited and de-duplicated, and the copyright of various materials is detected;

·　Safety risk control: fraud detection, black-out detection, risk assessment and anomaly detection;

·　Other applications: data mining, data analysis, search reordering, text search.

Take the copy similarity recognition scheme as an example.

In the scenario where users push the copy, in order to ensure the user experience, it is necessary to ensure that there will be no duplicate content in the pushed copy, so the similarity of each pushed content will be identified and duplicated. Each copy generates Embedding through BERT model, which is retrieved once in cloud search. If the similarity is lower than the threshold, it is judged as a new copy, which will be written into the k-NN vector database and gradually improved into a copy database; If the similarity is higher than the threshold, it is judged as a duplicate copy, and the push amount is reduced.

ESCloud, a cloud search service, is compatible with Elasticsearch, Kibana and other softwares and common open source plug-ins, and provides multi-conditional retrieval, statistics and reports of structured and unstructured texts, which can realize one-click deployment, flexible expansion and contraction, simplify operation and maintenance, and quickly build business capabilities such as log analysis and information retrieval analysis.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC／QLC hard disk drop speed？

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Now it’s 9102, and the idea that installing and upgrading computers is the first choice for SSD hard drives has long been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In addition, the price of NAND flash memory has been falling for more than a year, and the price of SSD hard drives with a capacity of 1TB has become the mainstream within 1,000 yuan. Moreover, you can buy higher-performance M.2 hard drives instead of SATA hard drives. If you are not afraid of death, you can also consider some brand-name SSD hard drives with a price of nearly 5 gross /GB, and buy them as warehouse disks. Looking back at HDD hard disks that have not been reduced in price for many years, it is not unreasonable that the mechanical hard disk market is dying.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

However, HDD hard disk is gradually moving away from the desktop and notebook computer market, which can represent the perfection of SSD hard disk? Not really. Nowadays, SSD hard drives are "really fragrant" in the environment of great price reduction, but it still has a problem that makes people feel bad — — Drop speed. Players who have used SSD hard disks for a long time should have an understanding of the speed drop (some people actually don’t realize this problem). Today, we will talk about the speed drop of SSD hard disks in Super Class.

At present, there is no accurate definition of SSD hard disk speed drop. Here, we will interpret it as "performance degradation" according to the literal speed drop, and analyze various reasons and solutions that may lead to SSD speed drop at present.

SLC, MLC, TLC to QLC transition of ·SSD drop speed

Is the upgrade of flash memory type also the reason for the speed drop of SSD hard disk? If you think about it carefully, it’s true. In fact, we can say that it is the constant change of flash memory types that leads to the increasingly serious problem of SSD hard disk speed drop. If we still use SLC flash memory, the problem of speed drop is long gone, but forget about SLC flash memory hard disk. The best flash memory means the most expensive cost. Even if manufacturers still dare to use SLC flash memory as the main force, ordinary consumers can’t afford it.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

From SLC, MLC to TLC to QLC, the capacity of cell unit is increasing, and the cost is decreasing accordingly. However, the inherent characteristics of NAND flash memory determine that the more potential, the more complicated the control, and the longer the time to write data, resulting in a significant decline in performance (mainly writing performance and good reading performance).

The hard disk performance of TLC and QLC flash memory we see now is not bad, and the writing speed of SATA interface can also reach 500MB/s, and the writing performance of M.2 interface can reach 1GB/s, 2GB/s or even higher depending on the number of PCIe 3.0 channels, but this performance is after magic, and it is the performance in an ideal situation.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

The above picture shows the actual performance of the 660P hard disk of Intel QLC flash memory. With the increase of the written data, the original performance of QLC will be exposed after the cache space is used up, and the writing speed will drop to 100MB/s, which is not much faster than that of HDD hard disk.

Garbage collection GC and TRIM with ·SSD dropping speed

When it comes to the problem of SSD hard disk speed drop, old players may still remember the non-drop function promoted by Puckett in his own M-series high-performance SSD hard disk in the early years. This selling point attracted many SSD users at that time, considering that MLC flash memory was still the main force in the market at that time, SSD hard disk speed drop was mainly caused by the main control management mechanism at that time.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

Specifically, it is the problem of GC garbage collection and TRIM instruction of SSD. If you have read our previous popular science articles, you will know that the special feature of NAND flash memory lies in the way of writing files, which needs to be deleted piece by piece. Because of various writing and deleting operations, messy data will be left on SSD, some of which are still useful and some of which are invalid. After the GC function is started, the useful data will be copied to another block, and the original storage area will be clear, and the empty disk level will be restored to prepare for writing new data.

In addition to GC garbage collection mechanism, Microsoft also introduced TRIM instruction in Windows 7 and later systems, which is an instruction based on SATA controller. Once there is file deletion or partition formatting, the operating system will send TRIM instruction to the SSD master controller to tell it that the data somewhere has been deleted, so SSD knows that those data can be moved and those cannot be moved, and then it can be emptied to restore performance.

GC and TRIM can also affect the speed drop of SSD hard disk, but now these functions have become the basic functions of SSD, and the support of operating system is not a problem, because these two problems lead to much less speed drop of SSD.

840 EVO deceleration gate of ·SSD deceleration.

From SLC to MLC to TLC and QLC, not only the performance of flash memory is gradually declining, but also its reliability is declining, which is reflected in the fact that the physical layer is due to the more charge bits stored in TLC and QLC flash memory, and the control is more complicated. As time goes by, the activity of electrons will also be lost. When TLC flash memory first came out, Samsung 840 Evo experienced the problem of performance degradation due to long-term non-use.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

The 840 EVO speed-dropping event means that when it reads the old files stored for more than several weeks or months, the speed is seriously not as good as expected. According to the official index, the reading speed of 840 Evo exceeds 450MB/s, but when reading the old files, the speed is as low as 60MB/s, and the speed is obviously reduced.

For this problem, Samsung also made an investigation later, saying that "with the help of flash memory management software algorithm, SSD usually corrects the state of the Cell unit over time, and the read-retry operation of 840 Evo is too radical, which leads to the decline of the overall read performance. This situation will only happen when there is no data change in its internal Cell unit. If the data of this unit is subsequently migrated or overwritten, there will be no problem of performance degradation. "

Finally, Samsung released a new firmware to solve the problem of 840 Evo speed drop. On this issue, Samsung did not admit that this is a problem of TLC flash memory, but in the early stage of development, TLC flash memory had some problems from flash memory to main control management, and it was not unexpected that this problem appeared.

Main control overheating protection of ·SSD speed drop

The above-mentioned SSD speed drop is all about flash memory, but the SSD master control will actually affect the SSD speed drop problem, which is mainly caused by the overheating protection problem of SSD hard disks, and basically there is no such problem on SATA hard disks, mainly after a large number of high-performance M.2 hard disks are listed.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

SSD master control is essentially a CPU based on ARM or self-developed architecture. In order to improve performance, SSD master control is often multi-core. Three-core or even four-core master control is not uncommon, and heating under high load is also a problem. For high-performance SSD hard disks with PCIe and M2 interfaces, it is normal for the temperature in the main control area to exceed 90°C or even go to Baidu due to the small space and concentrated heating. In order to avoid high-temperature damage, SSD hard disks will have a temperature control mechanism, and if the temperature is detected to be too high, the frequency will be reduced, thereby reducing the heating.

However, reducing the main control frequency will actually reduce SSD performance. In order to solve the problem of heat loss, the most common means is to improve the heat dissipation effect. For example, Samsung used a better package in the main control design of the 970 Pro hard disk, and the whole main control used a metal shell package to improve the thermal conductivity.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

Of course, the more direct way is to install a heat sink, so you can see that all kinds of M.2 hard disks are becoming popular. Before Yingchi, we also introduced the armored M.2 hard disk, using a heat sink with amazing thickness. Although it looks ugly, the effect is overwhelming.

In addition to the reasons for the speed drop mentioned above, there are actually some other factors that will affect the normal performance of SSD, such as 4K misalignment, synchronous/asynchronous flash memory, AHCI/IDE mode, etc. However, these operations are not the main problem now. In the past, the main problem was that SSD was not popular, and many people did not understand the settings. Now Windows system itself has added many SSD optimization settings, and third-party tools have also supported SSD.

Cache structure of SSD hard disk: from DRAM Cache to SLC Cache

The above content about SSD speed drop involves all aspects, but for a single SSD hard disk, the problem of SSD speed drop is not so complicated. Let’s get down to business. Let’s take a look at the basic structure of modern SSD hard disks first:

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

No matter SATA or M.2 hard disk, their PCB layout is similar. The M.2 hard disk above is DRAM cache, main control and NAND flash memory from left to right, in which main control and NAND flash memory are essential, and DRAM cache may or may not be available. The main thing that is not available is low-end SSD hard disk. Reducing DRAM cache can reduce the cost, especially in the past two years, because of the large price increase of DRAM memory, low-end SSD is more popular without DRAM cache, and they will use HMB host memory cache to make up for it.

For high-performance SSD hard disk, DRAM cache is indispensable, because even DDR3 cache, its bandwidth can reach several GB/s or even more than ten GB/s, which is much higher than the performance of SSD flash memory, which is very helpful to improve performance. Now Samsung and other companies have begun to use DDR4-2133 as cache on high-end SSDs.

As for the DRAM cache capacity, 128MB, 256MB and 512MB are common. With the increasing size of SSD hard disk, 1GB cache is not uncommon. Generally speaking, 1TB flash memory with 1GB DRAM cache, the higher the better.

DRAM cache is the first cache structure of modern SSD hard disk. Reading data from hard disk is to see if there is any needed data in DRAM cache first. If there is, it will be used here first, so the speed will be very fast. If there is no search in NAND flash memory in the cache, the speed will be NAND flash memory, which is relatively much slower.

Generally speaking, DRAM cache is the icing on the cake for SSD hard disk, and there is also a speed drop from DRAM cache to NAND flash memory, but usually this speed adjustment is not felt by everyone. After all, the cache capacity is still too small and it is easy to exceed it.

SSD hard disk still depends on the performance of NAND flash memory in most cases, but we all know that the writing performance is declining from SLC to MLC to TLC and QLC flash memory, and the original TLC and QLC flash memory are very ugly. Without modification, the writing performance of QLC flash memory may not be 100MB/s, and HDD hard disks are faster than it.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

However, in the TLC and QLC flash drives actually sold, the performance is very strong regardless of SATA or M.2 interface. In the product like Samsung 970 Evo, the nominal write performance of the 250GB version can reach 1500MB/s, but it is the performance after using the Write Acceleration technology, and the actual performance is about 300MB/s, which is four times worse.

SSD write acceleration technology is a general term, and the common scheme is SLC cache, which means literally — — Use SLC as cache to speed up, because SLC flash memory has the best performance.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

In the era of MLC flash memory, SLC cache technology is not necessary. Samsung 970 Pro does not use this technology, while 970 EVO does, but SLC cache is not without cost, because SLC can only store 1-bit data, TLC is 3-bit data, and QLC is 4-bit data. Using SLC cache on TLC/QLC flash memory means sacrificing capacity for performance. This is a devil’s exchange. The ugly point is whether you choose X-flavored chocolate or not.

Using SLC cache can improve the writing speed of SSD and make it look NB, but it means losing some space, depending on the scheme chosen by the manufacturer. If the whole scheme is adopted, it means that only 1/3 or even 1/4 of the capacity is available.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?
Using SLC cache is like a roller coaster.

More importantly, even if SLC cache is used, once the written data exceeds the cache capacity, the SSD performance will have to show its original shape. At this time, the SSD hard disk will drop speed, because the original TLC/QLC performance will have to be used after the cache acceleration space is exceeded. It will be ugly at this time, and the writing speed of about 100MB/s is normal.

Of course, the additional benefit brought by SLC cache is not without it, that is, the loss is smaller when the power is unexpectedly cut off. After all, SLC stores 1-bit data.

In each SSD manufacturer, SLC Cache technology has different names, Samsung is called TurboWrite, SanDisk is called nCache, and Micron has Dynamic Write Acceleration dynamic cache acceleration technology. In fact, these technologies are also divided into different types, including full SLC Cahce and partial space for caching, among which full simulation has the best effect, but it is the biggest waste of space. So now SLC Cache technology is generally to set aside some space, and the specific choice of how much space is comprehensively considered by manufacturers, which can be less than 10% or 20%.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

In addition, there are actually dynamic and static SLC Cache regardless of the whole or partial space simulation, and these two technologies actually have their own advantages and disadvantages. Micron’s DWA is the dynamic write cache acceleration technology, and its advantage is that users can maintain good acceleration performance after using different capacities.

Why does the deadlock SSD of TLC/QLC hard disk drop speed?

In a word, the major manufacturers have their own choices in SLC cache, and the cache space, cache allocation and acceleration strategy may be different, and there is no difference in technical route. However, in any case, after the SLC cache space is exhausted, the performance of SSD will be exposed to the due level, that is, the original performance of TLC/QLC.

This is the point. If the SSD hard disk uses more space, the remaining blank capacity will be less, which is more unfavorable for cache acceleration, so the performance will be lower. This is also the root cause that many people feel slower and slower when using SSD hard disks. This is how the speed drop is often said.

For the problem of SSD speed drop, except for specific problems, if the speed drop is caused by the exhaustion of cache, there is really no good way, unless you are not afraid of the trouble of dumping data, always erase the SSD hard disk safely.

If you are very concerned about the speed drop, the only choice now is to buy MLC hard disk or large-capacity SSD, the capacity is not less than 1TB, the bigger the better.