作者： admin

District, county (city) Construction Bureau, the relevant units:

As the pneumonia epidemic in Covid-19 has had a certain impact on the project performance of the projects under construction in our city and the newly started projects after the holiday, in order to actively guide the parties to the construction project contract to negotiate amicably, share the risks and losses reasonably, reduce the contradiction in project settlement and ensure the smooth implementation of the project, according to the spirit of the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Epidemic Prevention and Control to Support the Development of Enterprises (Zhejiang Construction Office [2020] No.10) and other documents, combined with the actual problems existing in the projects under construction in our city, the "Covid-19 Pneumonia in Hangzhou" is formulated. These Detailed Rules put forward the principle of negotiation from eight aspects: adjustment of contract period, adjustment of epidemic prevention and control measures, adjustment of labor cost, material cost and machinery cost, loss treatment during shutdown, cost of catch-up measures to ensure the construction period, cost of construction efficiency reduction, cost of isolation and protection measures, and calculation of Jian ‘an project cost of emergency rush construction project, which is applicable to construction projects affected by Covid-19 pneumonia epidemic within the administrative area of this Municipality. For the calculation standard of government-invested construction project cost specified in the Detailed Rules, other sources of funds can refer to the implementation.

Hangzhou Urban and Rural Construction Committee

June 10, 2020

Guiding rules for the contract and price adjustment of the project under construction during the prevention and control of pneumonia in Covid-19, Hangzhou.

A, about the contract period adjustment

If the construction project is delayed due to epidemic prevention and control, the construction period shall be extended, and the liability for breach of contract due to the delay caused by force majeure shall be exempted. Because the actual situation of different projects is different and affected by the epidemic situation, both parties need to reasonably negotiate and determine the extension of the construction period according to the actual situation of the project and considering the factors such as labor, material shortage and construction efficiency reduction. The specific treatment methods are classified as follows:

(a) the original plan during the Spring Festival does not stop the project, because of the epidemic prevention and control caused by the shutdown, the contracting parties can be based on the actual project with reference to the following methods to calculate the extension of the construction period:

The number of days to postpone the construction period = the calendar days from the date when the local government started the first-level response to major public health emergencies to the date when the project officially resumed work+the number of days of compensation for construction degradation.

The official resumption date of the project refers to the specific date determined by the contracting parties through consultation according to the actual situation of the project, and confirmed by the employer and the supervision unit on the application report or other forms of written materials submitted by the contractor.

During the epidemic prevention and control period, due to the influence of material supply, shortage of personnel, local epidemic prevention and control regulations, etc., if the resumed project fails to fully enter the construction state, the contractor and the contractor may appropriately consider the corresponding days of construction reduction compensation when determining the extension of the construction period through consultation according to the actual situation, and the specific days shall be determined by the contractor and the contractor themselves through consultation.

(II) For the project that was originally planned to be shut down during the Spring Festival, if the actual shutdown time exceeds the original plan due to the epidemic, the contracting parties may calculate the extended construction period according to the actual situation of the project with reference to the following methods:

Days to postpone the construction period = calendar days from the date of planned resumption of work after the Spring Festival holiday agreed by the contracting parties to the date of formal resumption of work of the project+days of compensation for construction degradation.

The official resumption date of the project refers to the specific date determined by the contracting parties through consultation according to the actual situation of the project, and confirmed by the employer and the supervision unit on the application report or other forms of written materials submitted by the contractor.

During the epidemic prevention and control period, due to the influence of material supply, shortage of personnel, local epidemic prevention and control regulations, etc., if the resumed project fails to fully enter the construction state, the contractor and the contractor may appropriately consider the corresponding days of construction reduction compensation when determining the extension of the construction period through consultation according to the actual situation, and the specific days shall be determined by the contractor and the contractor themselves through consultation.

(3) If the construction of the project that was not stopped during the Spring Festival and continued during the epidemic prevention and control period is affected due to the shortage of materials, personnel and local epidemic prevention and control regulations, the contracting parties may, according to the actual situation, determine the number of days of compensation for construction efficiency reduction through consultation.

(4) Except for the above situations (1), (2) and (3), both parties can negotiate the reasonable extension of the construction period by themselves in combination with the actual situation of the project delay.

Two, about the epidemic prevention and control measures fee plan.

During the period of epidemic prevention and control, for projects that continue to be constructed or resume work, please refer to the Notice of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Doing a Good Job in Epidemic Prevention and Control to Support the Development of Enterprises (Zhejiang Construction Office (2020) No.10), Notice on Adjusting the Standard of Special Expenses for Epidemic Prevention and Control (Zhejiang Construction Station [2020] No.8) and Notice on Implementing the Standard of Adjusting the Standard of Special Expenses for Epidemic Prevention and Control. During the period of epidemic prevention and control, the contractor shall make a dynamic registration of the actual number of people in place at the construction site (including on-site labor workers and construction management personnel), and the employer shall make a visa for the actual number of people in place at the site reported by the contractor. The special funds for epidemic prevention and control are calculated and taken according to different levels of epidemic prevention and control:

(a) during the period of the first-level response to epidemic prevention and control, the special expenses for epidemic prevention and control will be 40 yuan per person per day.

(two) in the epidemic prevention and control of secondary response period of construction, epidemic prevention and control of special expenses from the original 40 yuan per person per day to adjust to 15 yuan per person per day.

(3) From the third-level response of epidemic prevention and control, the expenses incurred by the construction project due to epidemic prevention and control shall be settled through consultation between the contracting parties. For the Hangzhou municipal government investment project, the special expense for epidemic prevention and control during the third-level response period is 5 yuan per person per day.

The adjustment time of the emergency response level of the secondary and tertiary epidemic prevention and control in the project location shall be based on the time announced by the local COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control headquarters (leading group) of the city, district and county (city).

During the shutdown of the project, the expenses of epidemic prevention management and epidemic prevention materials that need to be increased by the left-behind personnel at the construction site due to epidemic prevention and control shall be considered separately in the expenses standard for left-behind personnel in the first paragraph of Article 4 "Disposal of losses during shutdown".

Iii. Adjustment of labor cost, material cost and machinery cost

During the epidemic prevention and control period and after the termination, if the price of labor, equipment, materials and machinery rises sharply, the contracting parties can reasonably share the project content after the resumption of work according to the actual situation of the project according to the following principles:

(1) If the construction contract has agreed on the risk adjustment scope of the price fluctuation range of labor and materials (equipment), the labor and material prices shall be reasonably shared by the contracting parties according to the risk range and scope agreed in the contract.

(II) If the construction contract does not stipulate the risk adjustment range of the price fluctuation range of labor and materials (equipment), the contracting party and the issuing party may, according to the actual situation of the project and market factors, sign a supplementary agreement in time to reasonably agree on the adjustment method of the price risk sharing of labor materials, and the price risk range of labor materials borne by the contractor is generally not higher than 5%. The price risk range of artificial materials for construction projects invested by Hangzhou Municipal Government is implemented according to the Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Dynamic Management of Market Factor Prices of Construction Projects in Hangzhou (Hangjian Shifa [2018] No.579).

(3) If the construction contract stipulates that the price of labor and materials will not be adjusted or the original price adjustment method makes it difficult to implement the follow-up project in obviously unfair, both parties can sign a supplementary agreement in time according to the actual situation of the project and market factors, and in accordance with the principle of changing the situation, so as to reasonably agree on the adjustment method of labor material price risk sharing, and the risk range of labor material price borne by the contractor is generally not higher than 5%. The price risk range of artificial materials for construction projects invested by Hangzhou Municipal Government is implemented according to the Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Dynamic Management of Market Factor Prices of Construction Projects in Hangzhou (Hangjian Shifa [2018] No.579).

(4) In EPC and other forms of general contracting contracts, if the fluctuation risk of market factors is not adjusted as originally agreed in the contract, considering the impact of epidemic situation, the contracting parties may, according to the principle of changing the situation, negotiate their own adjustment methods for the implementation part affected by epidemic situation and make it clear in the form of supplementary agreement.

Four, about the loss treatment during the shutdown.

(1) For projects with construction contracts, property losses and cost increases caused by shutdown due to epidemic prevention and control shall be implemented in accordance with the contract. If there is no agreement or unclear agreement in the contract, the contractor and the contractor shall share the corresponding losses reasonably and sign a supplementary agreement based on the principle of risk sharing, and the compensation fee for shutdown losses shall be calculated as construction value-added tax. The specific treatment method is as follows:

1. During the shutdown period caused by epidemic prevention and control, the expenses of the necessary personnel (laborers and managers) left by the contractor at the construction site shall be borne by the employer, and the expenses for the stoppage of construction machinery and the use of reusable materials shall be reasonably shared by both parties through consultation. The contractor shall collect and save the list of left-behind personnel, expense vouchers, the idle situation of on-site construction machinery and equipment and other necessary written materials or video materials as the measurement basis for cost settlement, and the employer shall do a good job in relevant visa work.

The relevant cost sharing during the shutdown of Hangzhou municipal government investment projects shall be implemented in accordance with the following standards and regulations:

(1) Compensation standard for expenses of left-behind personnel on the construction site during shutdown: the laborer during the first-level response of epidemic prevention and control is 140 yuan/person-day, and the manager (including the project manager) is 240 yuan/person-day; During the second-level response period of epidemic prevention and control, the number of laborers is 115 yuan/person-day, and the number of managers (including project managers) is 215 yuan/person-day; During the three-level response period of epidemic prevention and control, the number of laborers was 105 yuan/person-day, and the number of managers (including project managers) was 205 yuan/person-day. The above expense standards have included the expenses of epidemic prevention management and epidemic prevention materials increased by the left-behind personnel due to epidemic prevention and control.

(2) During the period when the construction machinery is stopped, the machine-team expenses shall be shared in the following order and method:

(1) The construction machinery listed in Zhejiang Province Construction Machinery Machine-team Expense Quota shall be charged according to the principle of stagnant machine-team expense calculation, and the calculation formula is as follows:

Cost of stagnant machine-team of construction machinery borne by the Employer = number of days of shutdown ×1 machine-team/day × unit price of stagnant machine-team.

(2) The construction machinery not specified in the "Zhejiang Province Construction Machinery Machine-team Cost Quota" can be determined by the contracting parties through consultation within 50% of the market rental price of machinery and equipment released by the municipal engineering cost management department. The calculation formula is:

Staying machine-team expenses of construction machinery borne by the Employer = number of days of shutdown ×1 machine-team/day × unit price of mechanical equipment leasing × share ratio borne by the Employer (the share ratio is recommended to be determined through negotiation between 30% and 50%).

(In the above formula, if the released market lease price of machinery and equipment is in the form of monthly lease, the unit price of construction machinery leasing machine team = monthly lease price of machinery and equipment ÷30 days ÷ 1.5; If the published rental price of machinery and equipment is in the form of daily rent, the unit price of construction machinery rental machine-team = daily rental price of machinery and equipment ÷ 1.5; If the rental price of machinery and equipment is charged by the hour, the unit price of construction machinery leasing machine-team = hourly rental price of machinery and equipment ×8 hours)

(3) For those items that are not listed in the Zhejiang Province Construction Machinery Machine-team Expense Quota or the rental information price of the machinery and equipment market, on the basis of the inquiry in the rental market, the contractor and the contractor shall negotiate and determine the reasonable share of the expenses within 50% of the inquiry price. For the calculation formula and the conversion method of the unit price of the rental machine-team, refer to Article (2).

(3) The use fee of reusable materials during the shutdown period can be determined by the contracting parties through consultation within 50% of the rental price of reusable materials market released by the municipal engineering cost management department. If the market rental price information has not been released, on the basis of the inquiry in the rental market, the cost sharing can be determined by both parties through consultation within 50% of the inquiry price, and the calculation formula is as follows:

Royalty for the use of reusable materials undertaken by the Employer = days of downtime × daily rental unit price of reusable materials × downtime.

The number of leased turnover materials on site × the share ratio borne by the Employer (the share ratio is recommended to be determined through negotiation between 30% and 50%).

(In the above formula, if the published market rental price of reusable materials is monthly, the daily rental unit price of reusable materials = monthly rental price of reusable materials ÷30 days; For turnover materials that have not released market lease price information, the conversion method of daily lease unit price for market inquiry pricing is the same as above)

(4) Other unknown matters shall be determined by both parties through negotiation.

2. If the project that was not stopped during the Spring Festival is stopped due to epidemic prevention and control, the employer shall bear the increase in the cost of project cleaning and repair after the project is postponed.

3. During the shutdown period caused by epidemic prevention and control, the Employer has asked the contractor to take care of the contract project and the materials and equipment to be installed delivered to the construction site, and the Employer shall bear the actual increased reasonable expenses. The Contractor shall bear the damage to the contract project itself and the materials and equipment to be installed delivered to the construction site due to the contractor’s poor care.

(2) For the project that adopts the general contracting contract, if there is no agreement in the special terms and conditions of the contract, the contractor shall bear the shutdown losses caused by the epidemic according to the general terms and conditions in the Model Text of the General Contracting Contract for Construction Projects (Trial) (GF-2011-0216).

Five, about the cost of the measures to ensure the construction period.

For key projects and people’s livelihood security projects that cannot meet the requirements of the original contract construction period due to the delay of the construction period caused by the epidemic, if the employer requests to catch up on the work, the employer shall bear the additional cost of catching up on the work. On the premise of ensuring the quality and safety of the project, the contracting parties shall reasonably determine the plan of measures to catch up with the work and adjust the corresponding project price. Any of the following methods can be used to calculate the cost of additional measures to catch up with work:

(1) The increased cost of rush measures shall be determined by the contracting parties through consultation in combination with the approved plan of rush measures. If the subsequent construction period is shortened by less than 30% due to the epidemic, the labor cost and machinery cost of the remaining construction period shall be taken as the charging base and calculated at a certain rate, which shall not be lower than the cost calculated according to the corresponding standard of "Increase Fee for Early Completion" in Zhejiang Construction Project Valuation Rules (2018 Edition).

The proportion of shortened construction period = (the number of days to catch up with work/the remaining construction period of the contract) ×100%

In the above formula, the "remaining construction period of the contract" = the calendar days of the construction period agreed in the original construction contract+the days of the extended construction period given by the change and claim procedure according to the contract terms-the days of the construction period that have been implemented before the suspension due to the epidemic; "Catch-up days" = remaining duration of the contract-actual duration days after resumption of work.

(II) For the increased fees for measures to catch up with work, the fees shall be based on the labor and machinery fees for the remaining construction period, and calculated according to the corresponding standard of "Increase fees for completion ahead of schedule" in the Valuation Rules for Construction Projects in Zhejiang Province (2018 Edition). If the construction period is shortened by more than 30%, both parties shall negotiate on their own.

The proportion of shortened construction period = (the number of days to catch up with work/the remaining construction period of the contract) ×100%

The calculation method of the remaining contract period and the number of days to catch up with the work is the same as the description of the first method above.

(three) the increase in the cost of overtime measures shall be determined by the contracting parties in combination with the approved plan of overtime measures.

Six, about the cost of construction efficiency.

According to the document "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Guiding Opinions on the Valuation of Construction Projects during the Epidemic Prevention and Control Period in COVID-19" (No.5 [2020] of Zhejiang Construction Station), in order to encourage qualified projects to resume (start) work, the workload completed by the resumption (start) project during the epidemic prevention and control period can be counted as the construction cost, which shall be borne by the employer. The contractor shall determine the content of construction efficiency reduction and prepare the construction efficiency reduction cost budget and report it to the Employer for review. If the number of days of efficiency reduction compensation has been considered in the extension of the construction period or the cost of rushing measures has been considered, the construction efficiency reduction cost will not be calculated separately. The calculation method of construction cost reduction can adopt any of the following methods:

(a) affected by the epidemic situation, the labor and machinery consumption of the quantities completed during the first and second level epidemic prevention and control response level can be increased by 8% of the corresponding labor and machinery consumption in the priced list in the contract documents, and the corresponding quantities are determined by the visas of both parties.

(two) determined by the contracting parties through consultation according to the actual situation.

Seven, about the cost of isolation and protection measures.

The cost of isolation and protection measures refers to the cost of isolation observation and implementation of corresponding control measures for rework personnel outside the city due to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control from the outbreak to the resumption of work, which mainly refers to the cost of setting up and managing disinfection rooms, isolation observation rooms, on-site medical rooms, food safety guarantee, garbage sorting and removal, etc. In principle, it is shared reasonably by both parties through negotiation, and the cost is calculated as construction value-added tax. The calculation method can be any of the following:

(1) Accommodation, meals, management fees, epidemic prevention measures, etc. incurred during the isolation observation of rework personnel shall be reasonably shared by the contracting parties through consultation. For the investment projects of our municipal government, the Employer shall give appropriate subsidies according to the number of isolated observers (excluding the centralized isolated personnel of the government). The subsidy standard is 100 yuan/person/day, and each person shall not exceed 1000 yuan. The Contractor shall provide the registration list of isolated personnel and confirm it by the Employer’s visa.

If the county government where the project is located has issued a subsidy standard for the contractor’s rework personnel isolation fee, it shall be implemented according to its regulations.

(2) The Contractor shall provide the Employer with the isolation scheme and cost list, which shall be reasonably shared by both parties after the Employer’s visa recognizes the price.

Eight, about the emergency construction project Jian ‘an project cost calculation.

For emergency construction projects (epidemic prevention and control points, shelter hospitals, isolation hospitals, "fire eye" laboratories, etc.) constructed during the first-level response to the epidemic situation, any of the following methods can be adopted for the cost valuation of Jian ‘an project:

(1) The expenses shall be calculated by means of cost plus remuneration.

(2) The expenses shall be calculated by using the current pricing quota and cost calculation method, and it is necessary to add the expenses for speeding up measures and various epidemic prevention expenses, and calculate taxes and other expenses. If there is an agreement on the price of labor, materials and machinery in the contract, it shall prevail; If there is no agreement, artificial price can refer to the labor information price released by the engineering cost management department in the month when the contract is signed and multiply it by 3 times.

Nine, these rules shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Attachment: Matters needing attention in handling force majeure claims

Attachment:

Matters needing attention in handling force majeure claims

With the epidemic situation in COVID-19 continuing to develop, it is suggested that the contractor should, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Project Construction Contract and in strict accordance with the steps agreed in the contract, timely collect evidence with the supervision unit to prove the occurrence and losses caused by force majeure, explain the details of the obstacles caused by force majeure, timely, seriously and carefully count the losses caused, and submit the notice of claim intention and claim report according to the procedures stipulated in the contract, paying special attention to the timeliness and behavior requirements of each step, such as: time node, step and procedure requirements.

A, the contractor typical claim process

Second, the claim matters needing attention

1. It must be put forward according to the time, procedures and recipients agreed in the Construction Contract for Construction Projects, and pay special attention to the stipulations of the rules for the employer and the contractor when force majeure occurs in the Construction Contract for Construction Projects.

2. The contractor shall operate in accordance with the steps in Figure ① and ② above for the one-time claim event that occurs immediately and ends immediately. Epidemic prevention and control as a continuous claim event, the contractor shall follow the above steps.

3. The letter of intent for claim in step ① of the above figure does not necessarily submit all evidence and expense vouchers, but it must explain the cause of the claim and the main compensation demands. The letter of intent for claim, claim report and final claim report put forward by the contractor do not have to use the word "claim", but they can be "report on the loss of coronavirus epidemic events", "discussion letter on the loss of coronavirus epidemic events" and "explanation letter on the loss of coronavirus epidemic events", but the content must clearly describe the cause, amount of expenses, number of personnel, number of equipment and list of materials.

4. The claim report and the final claim report need to be supported by evidence. The contractor must collect and preserve various forms of evidence that are beneficial to him. Evidence of claim can be divided into the following categories:

(1) evidence such as notice of shutdown and resumption of work issued by the employer.

(2) The prevention and control measures of coronavirus epidemic in Hangzhou, especially the relevant prevention and control measures stipulated by the administrative department of urban (county) construction, and the evidence of increased capital investment due to the coordination of prevention and control measures shall be preserved.

(3) Keep all project meeting minutes, meeting minutes and correspondence related to the project.

(4) Various construction schedules, including those prepared by Party A’s on-site representatives and contractors.

(5) The construction memorandum (diary) shall be recorded in time for matters that affect the construction period and claim during the construction, and filed in chronological order for easy retrieval.

(6) Record the oral instructions of Party A’s on-site representatives and supervision engineers, and report to Party A in written form in time for recognition.

(7) During the shutdown period, the expenses for the contractor to take care of, clean up and repair the project according to the requirements of the Employer shall be borne by the Employer. The contractor shall keep the notice, letter and expense proof that the employer informs the contractor to take care of and clean up the project. Such as sorting and saving the salary list of the left-behind personnel in the project, the purchase documents of materials and materials (such as disinfectant, masks and other epidemic prevention materials), and keeping the photos managed by special personnel (the photos should be marked with the date of shooting, and arranged according to the progress of the project).

(8) For key projects and people’s livelihood security projects that cannot meet the requirements of the original contract construction period due to the delay of the construction period caused by the epidemic, the contractor must keep the evidence of additional capital investment increased due to the rush. If the contractor needs to adjust the construction process, increase the construction team, expand the operation surface, organize mechanical equipment, temporary recruitment and other additional capital investment.

(9) If the project is shut down due to epidemic prevention and control, the contractor must collect the salary payment list, slowdown loss (if any), loss evidence of rental fee of turnover materials, loss evidence of stagnation of turnover materials, loss evidence of mechanical stagnation during shutdown, evidence of other direct costs during project shutdown, and evidence of indirect costs during project shutdown (including management fees, on-site funds of site management personnel, and guarantee fees).

5. The site completion related to the claim report, the number of workers on site, the payroll list, the quantity of materials, the equipment list, etc. shall be classified and counted, and the original shall be signed by the employer or the supervisor. The letter of intent and claim report must be copied to the construction site supervision unit for signature and confirmation.

Hang Jian Shi Fa (2020) No.164. doc

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a press conference on the operation of key agricultural products market in 2019.

On Wednesday, January 15th, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a regular press conference in the Information Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to introduce the market operation of key agricultural products in 2019 and answer questions from reporters.

Conference site
China Network Zhang Ruiyu photo

Ning Qiwen, Deputy Director of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media. Welcome to the press conference held by the Information Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The theme of today’s conference is to introduce the market operation of key agricultural products in 2019. Today, I am very pleased to invite Mr. Keke, Director of the Market and Information Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Mr. Wang Junxun, the second inspector of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, to introduce the situation to us and answer your questions.

First of all, please ask Director Tang to inform you about the situation.

Keke, Director of Market and Information Department of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media. Welcome to the regular press conference. The Spring Festival is in less than 10 days. First of all, on behalf of the Market and Information Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, I wish you happiness and well-being, and thank you for your long-term concern and support for the information work in the agricultural and rural markets. Near the Spring Festival, it is the time to concentrate on purchasing new year’s goods, and everyone is particularly concerned about the operation situation of agricultural products market. Below, I will give you a brief briefing on the operation of key agricultural products market in 2019 and the prospect in 2020, as well as the key work in the field of agricultural and rural market information.

Since 2019, under the impact of multiple internal and external uncertainties in agriculture, the prices of some agricultural products have fluctuated greatly, but the market supply is generally sufficient, the price increase is limited, and the trend among varieties is obviously differentiated, showing the characteristics of "one stability, one rise and one fluctuation". "One stability" means that the production of bulk agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar is stable, the stock is sufficient, and the market operation is basically stable, and the agricultural product market continues to play the role of "ballast stone"; "One rise" refers to the tight supply in the pork market and the large price increase, which drives the overall price of livestock and poultry products to strengthen; "One fluctuation" means that the price of fruits and vegetables is high before and then low, and the price fluctuates greatly due to adverse weather, but it still conforms to the seasonal law as a whole. From the main varieties:

Rice and wheat: stable production, sufficient stocks, and lower prices. In 2019, the production of rice and wheat decreased and increased, the total output of rations remained stable, the inventory was at a historical high, and the market price was weak. After the new grain was listed, the implementation plan for the minimum purchase price of wheat, early indica rice and middle and late rice was launched one after another. In December, the market purchase prices of late indica rice and japonica rice were 1.20 yuan and 1.32 yuan per catty, respectively, down 6.3% and 7.7% year-on-year; The prices of ordinary wheat and high-quality wheat in Zhengzhou grain wholesale market were 1.18 yuan and 1.24 yuan per catty, respectively, down 4.4% and 6.5% year-on-year.

Corn: there is a gap between production and demand, the inventory is still abundant, and the price fluctuates slightly. Affected by the continuous adjustment of planting structure, the corn area decreased slightly in 2019, but the meteorological conditions in the main producing areas were generally better than the previous year, and the corn output increased by 1.4%. Affected by the decline of pig production capacity, the consumption of corn feed for pigs decreased, but the consumption of substitute feed such as meat and poultry increased obviously, and the consumption of corn feed decreased slightly overall. New projects for corn deep processing increased, and industrial consumption increased rigidly. In 2019, the gap between corn production and demand was about 50 billion Jin, but due to the high inventory level, the relationship between corn supply and demand remained balanced and loose, and the market operation was basically stable. After the new corn came into the market in autumn, the prices of the main producing areas in North China and Northeast China dropped slightly. In December, the wholesale price of corn producing areas was 0.92 yuan per catty, down 1.2% from the previous month and 2.8% from the same period last year.

Soybean: Imports continue to decrease, and prices are mainly stable. Affected by Sino-US economic and trade frictions, soybean imports declined slightly, and the import sources were further concentrated in Brazil and Argentina. From January to December, the after-tax price of imported soybeans in Qingdao Port first fell and then rose, and fluctuated slightly between 1.55 yuan and 1.65 yuan per catty. In December, the ex-factory price of medium soybean meal in Shandong was 2930 yuan per ton, down 4.4% from the previous month and 2.2% from the same period last year. Domestic soybean production continued to resume growth, the market was booming, and the price was stable and strong.

Pork: the production capacity of live pigs gradually recovered before the end of the year, and the price continued to rise and then fell back. Since 2019, due to the superposition of pig cycle, African swine fever epidemic, unreasonable ban on raising in some areas and other factors, the production capacity of live pigs has dropped more, the supply of pork market has continued to be tight, and the price has increased greatly. Since October, with the intensive introduction and implementation of a series of national and local policies and measures for stable production and supply of live pigs, the confidence of farm households in raising and supplementing pens has increased, the production of live pigs in China has stopped falling and rebounded, the market is expected to stabilize, and the pork price has remained generally stable after falling back. In December, the average wholesale price of pork was around 43 yuan per kilogram. Driven by the rise in pig prices, the prices of beef, sheep, poultry, eggs and milk have generally strengthened, but the production of these products has increased a lot, and the market supply is sufficient, which is significantly lower than that of pork.

Looking forward to 2020, the total supply of bulk agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar in China is still relatively loose, the pig production capacity is expected to gradually recover, and the market will continue to operate smoothly, which has a good foundation. The annual price increase of agricultural products is expected to fall back, but the risk of periodic fluctuations of some varieties needs to be closely watched.

I would like to take this opportunity to briefly introduce the key work in the field of agricultural and rural market information. On December 25th last year, the Ministry held a national conference on agricultural and rural market information, which laid out the key tasks in the field of agricultural and rural market information this year and in the future. First, we will speed up the implementation of the "internet plus" agricultural products project, focusing on the construction of 100 pilot counties this year. The second is to further promote the entry of information into villages and households, and achieve the goal of covering 80% of administrative villages this year. Third, strengthen monitoring, statistics, analysis and early warning, and organize the 2020 agricultural outlook Conference on April 20 to give full play to the supporting role of data in management and decision-making. Fourth, strengthen brand building in an all-round way, enlarge and strengthen the dominant area of agricultural products with China characteristics, vigorously promote the docking of agricultural products production and marketing in poverty-stricken areas, and run the 4th China International Tea Expo on May 20th and the 18th China International Agricultural Products Fair on November 27th. Fifth, accelerate the construction of market circulation system, start the construction project of cold chain logistics facilities for storage and preservation of agricultural products, and strive to improve the commercialization processing capacity of agricultural products. Sixth, do a good job in the construction of urban modern agriculture and continue to strengthen the implementation of the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system. Seventh, with the theme of "Celebrating Harvest and Meeting a Well-off Society", we will run the China Farmers Harvest Festival well, and strive to make the Harvest Festival become a vulgar custom after another year of careful organization and implementation, with sustained and strong influence, appeal and cohesion.

Here, I would like to introduce to you the relevant situation of the project of "internet plus" agricultural products leaving the village and entering the city. This document was approved by the State Council. On December 16th last year, our Ministry, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on the Implementation of the "internet plus" Agricultural Products Project. The main idea is to transform and upgrade the whole industrial chain, establish a supply chain system, an operation service system and a support and guarantee system suitable for online sales, promote the smooth sales of agricultural products with high quality and good price, solve the problem of small farmers connecting with the big market, and help poverty alleviation and agricultural and rural modernization.

Now my colleagues and I are willing to answer your questions.

Ning Qiwen:

Thank you, Director Keke, for your introduction. Let’s invite reporters to ask questions about the theme of today’s press conference. Please inform the news organizations you represent when asking questions. Let’s start asking questions.

CCTV reporter from the Central Radio and Television General Station:

The Spring Festival is coming. Could you tell us something about the pork supply situation? Can pork prices remain stable? Thank you.

Wang Junxun, Second Inspector of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau:

Thank you for your question. Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival for our people, and it is also the peak of pork consumption in a year, so it is very important to ensure the supply of pork and other "vegetable basket" products during the Spring Festival. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs attaches great importance to this and does everything possible to speed up the recovery and development of pig production and increase market supply. From the monitoring situation in December, some pig farmers began to concentrate on the listing of fat pigs in the early stage. In December, the slaughter of pigs increased by 14.1% month-on-month, and the average live weight of slaughter reached an unprecedented 128.5 kg. According to comprehensive calculations, the pork output will increase by 17.1%. According to the consumption monitoring data, the retail transaction volume of pork in the bazaar increased by 11.7% in December. Although both supply and demand are increasing, the contradiction between supply and demand of pork has eased. As far as we know, there are still a certain number of large pigs in stock, which will be released gradually before the Spring Festival. The stocks of some slaughtering, processing and circulation enterprises are being shipped one after another, and the government reserves and imported pork are also being put in one after another. In addition, the peak period of making bacon in the south and killing pigs in the north will soon pass. These positive factors do not support the further increase in pork prices before the Spring Festival. According to the survey, pork consumption will generally decline after the Spring Festival. We expect that the supply and demand of pork will be generally stable before and after the Spring Festival. From the price changes, in the past 10 years, the prices of live pigs and pork rose more and fell less in the first half of January every year, showing the characteristics of 7 rises, 1 draw and 2 falls. This year’s situation is roughly the same as that of the same period in normal years. In addition, the production of beef, mutton, poultry, eggs and milk increased in an all-round way in 2019. According to the preliminary calculation of monitoring data,The output of poultry meat has increased by more than 15%, the output of beef and mutton has increased by about 3%, and the output of eggs has increased by about 5.7%. These products are abundant in the market, which not only fills the gap in pork supply to a certain extent, but also satisfies and enriches the "vegetable basket" of ordinary people. Thank you.

Farmers’ Daily Financial Media Reporter:

Since December last year, the price of vegetables has increased. What is the main reason? What will be the trend of vegetable prices during the Spring Festival?

Keke:

Thank you, the production of agricultural products is cyclical and seasonal, so it is normal for prices to fluctuate within a certain range. The vegetable prices you mentioned just now have been rising continuously at this time. We are also concerned that the vegetable prices in China have entered a seasonal rising channel since the winter, and the increase has increased in December last year. The national average wholesale price of 28 kinds of vegetables monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is 4.56 yuan per kilogram, up 16.3% from the previous month and 22.3% higher than the same period last year. According to the situation in previous years, most of the open-field vegetables listed in winter decreased, "greenhouse vegetables" and "southern vegetables" became the main products in the market, the cost of production and circulation increased accordingly, and the price of vegetables generally increased significantly. Generally speaking, the current fluctuation of vegetable prices basically conforms to the law of previous years. The price increase is a little larger than the previous month, mainly because there were two rounds of rain and snow cooling weather in the main vegetable producing areas in winter and spring, and the cross-regional circulation of vegetables was affected by stages. In addition, the early Spring Festival in 2020 and the early stocking of the market led to a rapid rise in short-term prices. The price level is higher than the same period of last year, mainly because in the first half of 2019, the prices of some varieties such as cauliflower, beans, cucumber and zucchini were depressed, and the willingness of vegetable farmers to plant decreased and the area decreased, which led to a large increase in market prices and raised the overall vegetable price.

From the later trend, due to the normal warmer temperature in winter in 2019, it is more favorable for the production of protected vegetables in the north and overwintering vegetables in the south, and the production and supply of vegetables are generally guaranteed. According to the monitoring of our department, in the second half of 2019, the cumulative transaction volume of 28 key vegetables in the national wholesale market increased by 4.7% compared with the first half of the year, with a steady increase year-on-year. If there is no persistent large-scale disastrous weather before the Spring Festival, the price of vegetables is expected to remain basically stable, and the price may decrease steadily after the holiday.

For vegetable varieties such as cauliflower, cucumber and zucchini, the price in the early stage is obviously higher than that in the perennial period, the majority of vegetable farmers are reminded to adjust their planting plans slightly slowly in 2020, and pay attention to prevent the price from falling sharply and the risk of difficult selling in stages caused by excessive expansion.

Central Radio and Television General Station Yang Guang reporter:

Last year, fruit was also a variety with high attention. What was the fruit market situation in the fourth quarter of 2019 and what was the price trend in the later period? Thank you.

Keke:

In 2019, the supply of China’s fruit market was generally abundant, the price was high before and then low, and the fluctuation range was relatively large, but it was still generally in line with the seasonal laws of previous years. In the first half of the year, fruit prices continued to rise. In June, the wholesale prices of apples and pears more than doubled year-on-year, mainly due to the cold weather in late spring in the main producing areas of apples and pears in 2018, resulting in a large reduction in production. In the second half of the year, with a large number of fruits coming into the market in summer and autumn, the output of apples and pears resumed obviously, and the price of fruits fell seasonally. Since October, it has been lower than the same period of last year, and the price was basically stable in November and December, with a year-on-year decline of more than 10%. From the later trend, the fruit market is mainly supplied with stock fruit, with increased cost and consumption in the peak season. It is expected that the fruit price will increase slightly before the Spring Festival, but the total supply of fruit market is sufficient and the variety is rich, especially the storage rate of apples has reached a historical high. In most areas, the storage rate of cold storage has reached 80-90%, so it is unlikely that the fruit price will fluctuate greatly. After the holiday, with the weakening of consumption, the price will drop slightly. Due to the warmer climate in winter in 2019, some fruits ripened earlier in the first half of this year. Fruit farmers should pay attention to rationally planning the pace of listing, avoid blindly grabbing the market early, ensure the quality of fruits, and strive for better returns. Thank you.

China Daily reporter:

It was introduced at the press conference a few days ago that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recently organized a nationwide inspection of slaughter links. Can you tell us about the results of the inspection? Thank you.

Wang Junxun:

Thank you for your question. In order to ensure the pork supply and quality and safety during the Spring Festival, the Ministry organized a nationwide inspection of pig slaughtering, which was completed before January 10th, and the local agricultural and rural departments carried out a full coverage inspection of 4,578 pig slaughtering enterprises currently in production. For the problems found in the inspection, measures such as immediate rectification and rectification within a time limit shall be taken. In addition, our department, led by four department leaders and seven department directors, conducted supervision and spot checks on some pig slaughtering enterprises in 11 provinces.

From the preliminary summary of the inspection, all pig slaughtering enterprises have implemented the self-inspection system of African swine fever, and carried out the inspection of African swine fever in accordance with the requirements of "batch inspection and full coverage". Local agricultural and rural departments have stationed official veterinarians to pig slaughtering enterprises according to law; All pig slaughtering enterprises have established and implemented rules and regulations such as pig entry inspection, meat quality inspection, meat exit management, and harmless treatment of diseased pigs and diseased products, effectively ensuring the quality and safety of pork products, so that ordinary people can eat assured meat.

Judging from the production situation of slaughter enterprises, the amount of pig slaughter has steadily increased recently. According to monitoring, since November, the amount of pig slaughter has increased for ten consecutive weeks. More than 700,000 tons of pork products stocked by local slaughter enterprises have been put on the market one after another, increasing market supply. During the Spring Festival, the agricultural and rural departments, together with the public security and market supervision departments, will continue to strengthen law enforcement, strictly investigate serious illegal and criminal acts, and ensure the quality and safety of pork products during the festival.

Agricultural TV Network reporter:

In 2019, China’s soybean production will continue to increase. What is the recent soybean market? What will happen next?

Keke:

China’s domestic soybeans are mainly edible, with high protein content, and have formed two relatively independent markets with imported soybeans. Let me talk about domestic soybeans first. Last year, the country implemented the soybean revitalization plan, and the area of domestic soybeans expanded, the output increased, and the quality was excellent. After the new soybeans were listed, processing enterprises and traders actively entered the market to buy them. The sales progress of farmers was fast, and the market was booming, with prices rising steadily. In December 2019, the average purchase price of domestic edible soybeans in Heilongjiang was 1.81 yuan per catty, up 2.4% from the previous month and 1.5% from the same period last year. The incoming price of domestic soybeans in Shandong was 2.11 yuan per catty, up 1.5% month-on-month and 5.1% year-on-year. The closing price of the main soybean contract of Dalian Commodity Exchange was 1.71 yuan per catty, up 3.0% from the previous month and 6.5% from the same period last year. Let’s look at imported soybeans. Since the Sino-US economic and trade friction, China’s soybean imports from the United States have decreased, while those from Brazil and other countries have increased, and the supply of imported soybeans is guaranteed. According to customs data, from January to November 2019, China imported 79.04 million tons of soybeans, a slight decrease of 4.0% year-on-year, of which imports from Brazil accounted for 67%. It is estimated that China’s total soybean imports will increase in 2020, which can meet the soybean meal demand after the recovery of pig production capacity. On the whole, the market price of domestic soybeans, imported soybeans, downstream soybean meal and soybean oil is expected to remain basically stable in 2020. Thank you.

Ning Qiwen:

Thank you to the two publishers, thank you journalists and friends, and today’s press conference is over.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shijiazhuang, December 28th　

　　As professors of Shijiazhuang Army Command College, Cui Yafeng and Yang Baoyou are often invited by the PLA headquarters to be the general directors of various exercises. They are called "black-faced referees" by many officers and men of the army.

　　"Over the years, the actual combat atmosphere of our military’s exercises has become stronger and stronger, the scientific and technological content has become higher and higher, the evaluation has become stricter and stricter, and the enthusiasm of officers and men for participating in the exercise has never been higher. As a’ referee’, I am getting more and more energetic. " Yang Bao said.

　　More and more college experts act as "referees"

　　Cui Yafeng, Yang Baoyou and other experts and professors can be seen in almost all major exercises held by the People’s Liberation Army in recent years, such as the first trans-regional long-range mobile combat exercise, the "Queshan-2006" exercise, the "Beijian-2007" exercise and the "Queshan-2007" exercise.

　　"Since 2005, the headquarters has taken exercises as an important means to assess the training of troops. We began to participate more and more in military exercises, setting the situation for the troops and commenting on the results. " Cui Yafeng said.

　　"One of the most obvious advantages of letting college experts serve as’ referees’ is that they can maintain the relative fairness and justice of the ruling." Cui Yafeng believes that college experts have both theoretical foundation and practical experience, which can understand the actual situation of the army more comprehensively and deeply; Moreover, because the relationship between colleges and troops is relatively detached, it can get rid of the interference of human factors in the ruling.

　　More directors are experts and professors, which has become a trend in PLA exercises.

　　In the "Queshan-2006" exercise, the General Staff Department invited 50 experts from 10 military academies to "criticize the troops". In 2006 alone, Shijiazhuang Army Command College sent more than 100 experts and professors to participate in various military exercises.

　　During the exercise, Cui Yafeng and other experts judged the achievements of an army, not just by personal feelings, but by a scientific and rigorous system. The "Army Exercise Evaluation System" developed by Shijiazhuang Army Command College has been applied to almost every important exercise of the PLA since it came out in 2003.

　　Through tens of thousands of groups of data collected, this system evaluates the capabilities of command and control, fire attack, protection and support of troops quantitatively and qualitatively.

　　"Data determines success or failure. Whoever wins or loses in the exercise is completely decided by the computer, even if the general director like me wants to help, he can’t help. " Yang Bao said.

　　Strictly from the difficult to the actual combat, the officers and men said that they "black hands in the dark."

　　"The exercise is a preview of the war. The enemy in the war can’t give you time to prepare in advance. We must start from actual combat and beat the troops." Yang Bao said.

　　More modern, more information-based and more practical —— Yang Bao summed up the development trend of PLA training and exercises with three "changes".

　　每一场演习，导演部都将“复杂电磁环境”作为一个重要课题予以突出。从参演部队的战备等级转换、远程机动，到集结展开、战斗实施，在演习的各个阶段、各个环节都使部队处于“敌”强大的电磁干扰之中。

　　信息主导、火力主战等现代战争基本理念，在演习中得到充分体现。在所有演习中，崔亚峰、杨宝有等“裁判”总是想方设法让部队体验“现代战争”。

　　在“确山—２００６”演习中，当一支部队经过１０多个小时的急行军，赶到预定宿营地刚刚生火做饭时。总导演的崔亚峰突然发出一条命令：“营地被‘敌’侦察卫星发现，紧急转移至备选营地。”

　　疲惫至极的官兵顾不上休息，又经过几个小时的行军，才在天快亮时抵达目的地。

　　“黑夜出黑手。”许多官兵这样评价导演部，但他们在理解了导演部的用意后又加了一句——“道是无情却有情。”

　　在不久前举行的新中国成立以来国防和军队建设成就展上，一张反映解放军训练改革的照片引起许多观众的好奇——

　　身着迷彩服的杨宝有凝视着手中的秒表，从一名少校军官面前走过。这名担任营长的少校在给演习总导演敬礼，而杨宝有却连头也没抬，铁青着脸，径直而过。

　　"Let me be very angry, the time for chemical decontamination of this unit actually failed!" After more than a year, Yang Baoyou was still deeply dissatisfied with the performance of this unit at that time.

　　Like Yang Baoyou, Professor Cui Yafeng and others were called "black-faced referees" by officers and men because they insisted on setting up situations and problems for the troops from strict to difficult during the exercise.

　　In the "Queshan-2006" exercise, Cui Yafeng ordered the troops to build a bridge for tanks to cross on a river 40 to 50 meters wide at night. Some leaders who came to observe the exercise saw the steep geographical conditions at the scene and advised him to withdraw this order.

　　"The anger can’t be vented." Although there are some worries, Cui Yafeng is convinced that the troops have this ability. A few hours later, when armored vehicles passed through the newly erected bridge in turn, his hanging heart fell to the ground.

　　"Exposing problems is achievement, and solving problems is the purpose."

　　After the "Queshan-2006" exercise, Cui Yafeng became the focus of public opinion at home and abroad.

　　In the commentary, Cui Yafeng, the general director, spoke for less than 2 minutes, but it took 28 minutes to talk about the problem. Although the assessment results of military exercises were excellent, Cui Yafeng listed eight major problems in the army in one breath.

　　"It’s unprecedented to talk about problems and not achievements, and to report them publicly through the news media." A staff officer of the PLA General Staff Department said, "This exercise is the first of its kind, and this practice has become an example for our military to comment on the exercise."

　　"If the exercise commentary only talks about achievements and practices, and does not talk about problems and find gaps, it will not play a role in improving military training and improving training level, and it will not play a role in the exercise." Cui Yafeng said.

　　The change from stressing achievements to problems reflects the establishment of the concept of benefit in PLA exercises.

　　"In the past, many exercises were only the business of the military department, and the political work department could only’ stand aside’." Yang Baoyou said that the current exercise puts more emphasis on examining the overall capabilities of the troops, and political work, logistics, equipment and other departments are all involved. Through an exercise, we can expose the problems existing in all aspects of army building, thus finding solutions and greatly improving the comprehensive benefits of the exercise.

　　"Exposing problems is an achievement, and solving problems is the purpose." From the headquarters organs to the grass-roots units, such a consensus has been formed on the treatment of exercises, and the enthusiasm of troops at all levels to grab exercises and compete for exercises is unprecedented.

　　"The news media’s reports and propaganda are also a reason for the high enthusiasm of officers and men." Cui Yafeng believes that in the past, due to the concept of confidentiality and other reasons, major military activities of the PLA were generally not publicized. In recent years, the news media reported on some major exercises in an unprecedented range and depth, and achieved positive results.

　　"These propaganda reports also show from one side that our national defense and army building are highly transparent." Cui Yafeng said.

Editor: Cao Jin

　　CCTV News:On a hot summer day, it’s great to have crayfish for a midnight snack. However, eating crayfish is refreshing for a while, and cleaning the battlefield is heartbreaking!

　　How should the garbage produced by eating crayfish be classified? Recently, an unidentified "classification map of crayfish after death" has confused many netizens: the whole crayfish is wet garbage, and going to Huanglong shrimp head is dry garbage? Lobster meat and lobster yellow are wet garbage, and lobster shells are dry garbage?

　　In response to this "classification map of crayfish after death", the Shanghai Waste Management Office responded through its WeChat WeChat official account "Where is the garbage?":Throwing a crayfish is not that complicated, because crayfish, lobster shells, lobster heads, lobster yellow and lobster meat all belong to wet garbage.

　　The Shanghai Waste Management Office further explained that wet garbage refers to perishable garbage, which was also clearly listed in the Guidelines for the Classification and Delivery of Domestic Waste in Shanghai issued in April 2019. "Aquatic products and their processed foods (fish, fish scales, shrimp, shrimp shells, squid)" all belong to wet garbage.

　　What should I do after drinking milk tea? Just throw it into the dry garbage!

　　In addition to crayfish, milk tea has also been pulled out to "show the public".

　　For example, teaching you how to deal with an unfinished cup of milk tea should be divided into four steps: the first step is to pour the remaining milk tea into the drain; The second step is to throw pearls, fruits and other residues into wet garbage; The third step is to throw the cups and straws into the dry garbage; The fourth step varies from tea to tea. If it is a cup with a lid, the plastic lid can be classified as recyclable garbage.

　　Why bother to drink milk tea and throw a milk tea cup?

　　"In fact, if we think about it from another angle, what should we do if you make a cup of tea and don’t finish it? Pour the contents of the cup into the sink, wash the cup and put it away. Will you block the sewer of your home with tea residue? " According to the Shanghai Waste Management Office, the same is true for an unfinished cup of milk tea, but the remaining parts (cups, straws and lids) after the contents are dumped can be directly put into the dry trash can.

　　Thin plastics such as plastic milk tea cups and lids have low recycling value, and they should be put in after cleaning to avoid polluting other recyclables, so it is recommended to throw them directly into the dry trash can.

　　Why don’t cups, straws and lids be thrown into the trash can for recyclables? This is because the recycling value of thin plastics such as plastic milk tea cups and lids is low, and they should be cleaned before being put in. In order to avoid polluting other recyclables, it is recommended to throw them directly into the dry trash can.

　　Distinguish between dry and wet garbage? These kinds of rubbish are a bit special.

　　How to distinguish between dry and wet garbage? Simply put,Dry garbage refers to combustible garbage, and wet garbage refers to compostable garbage..Another netizen asked, since aquatic products are all wet garbage, why are clam shells dry garbage? Since all the waste materials belong to wet garbage, why is the rice dumpling leaf corn coat dry garbage? Everyone is a pig’s bone. Why do big bones count as dry garbage?

　　It turns out that this is becauseThe first step of the terminal disposal of wet garbage is crushing. Considering that hard shellfish and big bones are not easy to be crushed and will cause damage to the crushing blade, and the long fiber structure such as zongzi leaves is easy to wind mechanical components, which will affect the terminal disposal, they are placed in dry garbage in the classification.

　　"Of course, you don’t have to worry too much. In the initial stage of garbage sorting, as long as you roughly judge whether it belongs to wet garbage or dry garbage, even if there are some mistakes, we can afford it." The Shanghai Waste Management Office said that it is good to attach importance to garbage sorting, but it is not necessary to demonize it too much.

　　On June 12th, Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Greening and City Appearance also issued a detailed guide map of garbage classification, drawing the "key points" of garbage classification for everyone.

　　In addition, the government also provides a simple method for garbage sorting:

　　Recyclable material — — Glass, gold, plastic, paper, clothing;

　　Harmful waste remembers the formula — — Medicine (oil) (electric light);

　　The principle of wet garbage recording — — Perishable and easy to crush;

　　The rest is dry garbage!