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Farmer Song Shifeng’s ＂Change of Body＂

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There are more than 2,000 pigs to feed in the farm, and Song Shifeng, a farmer in Shijing Town, Huxian County, Xi ‘an, is not idle for a moment. It was not until he got a call from Xi ‘an Organization Department that he put down his work and ran to the city.

On December 24th last year, 29-year-old Song Shifeng received the admission notice from Xi ‘an Organization Department. Through the recruitment, he changed from a farmer to a civil servant-a member of the Shijing Town Government. There were 457 workers and peasants who were employed as civil servants with him. Song Shifeng said: "After being a farmer for so many years, I didn’t expect to have a chance."

"Can’t stay" and "can’t get in" coexist, the cadre structure is unreasonable, and there is a shortage of township civil servants.

After graduating from college, Song Shifeng also made a foray in big cities, and later returned to his hometown of Shijing Town, Huxian County to set up a farm. As a major in animal husbandry, he has great brains and skills, and the number of pigs in the farm has grown from 400 to 2,000. "My family is rich, but the small farmers around me are still poor." He wants to drive more villagers to get rich together, but due to his status, a lot of work is not easy to carry out. Until one day in May 2013, he saw a news on his mobile phone: from the first half of 2013, the Organization Department of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and other departments decided to organize and implement the recruitment of civil servants from outstanding workers and peasants in 2013.

"First-line work experience of 5 years, outstanding recognition above town level, under 30 years old, college or above …" After carefully reading the recruitment announcement, he went to the county personnel bureau for consultation. Looking at it one by one, my own conditions are all met. After preparing the information, Song Shifeng successfully signed up.

"I feel that the conditions are still quite harsh." Song Shifeng said. Even so, many people still passed the registration. In fact, the recruitment of outstanding workers and peasants like Song Shifeng into the civil service is driven by both practical factors and the long-term plan of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee.

At present, the source of cadres in Shaanxi Province is relatively single and the structure is not reasonable. There is a serious shortage of civil servants in towns and villages in many places, especially in some remote towns and villages, and there is a problem of "unable to recruit and unable to stay".

After graduating from Song Shifeng University, he also took some civil service exams. Because of his excellent professional skills, the County Animal Husbandry Bureau also wanted him very much. It’s just that he "can’t do it a little" on the test and application of the civil service exam, and he failed the written test.

On the one hand, the new college civil servants can’t stay, and on the other hand, excellent farmers can’t get in. How to improve the civil service structure has become a difficult problem.

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward: "Pay attention to training and selecting cadres from the grassroots level and broaden the channels for outstanding social talents to enter the ranks of party and government cadres." This provides guidance for solving this contradiction.

According to the recruitment announcement, the recruitment is limited to students from this city or county. Newly selected civil servants continue to work in familiar places, and they are willing to stay. Moreover, the hired personnel must sign a five-year service contract with the competent department of civil servants in the county where they are located, and they cannot be transferred during the service period. Emotional factors and institutional guarantees enable outstanding talents to "recruit and stay".

Without scope and reference books, the written interview pays more attention to practical accumulation.

"After the successful registration, did it take a long time to prepare for the exam?" The reporter asked.

Song Shifeng smiled: "I didn’t prepare, so I took the exam."

On June 30th last year, Song Shifeng took a written test in Xi ‘an Vocational and Technical College. Agricultural policies, laws and regulations, how much is the pension for the 60-year-old … Two and a half hours, Song Shifeng easily answered the questions. In the interview on August 30, he also easily answered questions such as agricultural planning and the explanation of agricultural proverbs in Huxian County. The results were announced on the spot, and he was the first in the interview.

"There is no scope, no reference books. This exam focuses on daily accumulation, and many things can’t be prepared. " Song Shifeng said that this exam is different from the "national exam" and "provincial exam".

Indeed, usually "national examination" and "provincial examination" test the comprehensive quality through "line test" and "application theory"; And from the written examination of excellent workers and peasants to recruit civil servants, a subject is set up, which mainly tests public basic knowledge and knowledge related to grassroots practical work such as agricultural development, rural policy, enterprise management and community construction.

Song Shifeng said: "There are many things in the farm. There are many things to do every day. It is impossible to read reference books and do simulation questions every day like students."

As soon as he entered the interview examination room, Song Shifeng got a little confused. There are ten examiners sitting in front. What he didn’t know was that, in order to ensure fairness and justice, the provincial civil servant authorities selected and exchanged seven examiners from other cities or provincial authorities, and the municipal civil servant authorities selected three social representatives, which enjoyed the same scoring rights as the seven general examiners. After the interview, score on the spot. Moreover, the recruitment process of the examination and the personnel to be hired are all published online, and the whole process is supervised by the discipline inspection and supervision departments, the masses and the media.

The interview is over, but the inspection is not over. According to the regulations, the written test and interview scores each account for 40%, and the quantitative evaluation scores account for 20%. On October 10th last year, the staff of the Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau, the Organization Department and the Commission for Discipline Inspection visited Song Shifeng in Shijing Town. Understand Song Shifeng’s usual neighborhood relations, how to behave, whether to honor parents, etc. According to the regulations, 20 people are required to participate in the discussion. After hearing the news, more than 30 people, including cadres of the two village committees, members of the town party Committee and villagers’ representatives, participated in the discussion.

Every year, the province allocates 15% places to recruit civil servants from workers and peasants.

"After all, the education level of workers and peasants is low. Will this reduce the quality of civil servants?" From the beginning, some people have some doubts about this recruitment method.

As for Song Shifeng, despite all the tests, his task is not over. Since November 25th last year, Song Shifeng and other 456 newly recruited civil servants have been receiving pre-job training at the Party School of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee.

Tian Xiaodong, deputy director of the Organization Department of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, said: "In order to make up for the lack of knowledge structure, the Organization Department will select and recommend 100 comrades from newly hired village (community) cadres and model workers from the front-line personnel from the spring of 2014 to attend junior college education at Northwest A&F University."

There are 457 newly recruited civil servants in Shaanxi province, accounting for 15% of the total number of civil servants recruited in this year’s examination.

"We must continue to adhere to this system. From this year onwards, we will take out 15% of the total number of civil servants recruited every year to recruit civil servants from workers and peasants, and strive to make the province’s civil servants recruited from outstanding workers and peasants occupy a certain proportion in the ranks of grassroots cadres after five years or even longer efforts." On November 25th, last year, Zhao Zhengyong, secretary of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, said at the "Symposium of Civil Servant Representatives from Excellent Workers and Peasants".

Get the notice, Song Shifeng didn’t stop back to Huxian for a moment. He has gradually handed over the work of the farm to others. The government’s work is more challenging and can do something better for the villagers. "I always feel that people in my hometown are more cordial." He pointed out the window and said with a smile, "Look, the sky in Shijing Town is bluer than that in the city."

　

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Comments:Applaud the recruitment of workers and peasants for civil servants

Shaanxi will recruit 15% of civil servants this year and reserve them for workers and peasants.

Shaanxi ended with the examination of civil servants from workers and peasants.

Every year, 15% of civil servants in Shaanxi will not be hired if they vote for more than 30% from the workers and peasants.

Promoting service trade and realizing leap-forward development

Service trade is an important part of international trade and an important field of international economic and trade cooperation, and plays an important role in building a new development pattern. In 2021, the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Service Trade issued by 24 departments, including the Ministry of Commerce, proposed to promote the total growth, structural optimization and efficiency improvement of service trade, which played an important role in promoting the construction of a new open economic system and a modern economic system at a higher level. This issue invites several experts to discuss the development of China’s service trade.
Moderator Xu Xiangmei, director and researcher of the theoretical department of this newspaper.
The status of a big country in service trade has been further consolidated.
Moderator: What is the difference between service trade and traditional trade? What is the current development situation of China’s service trade?
Li Jun (Director and Researcher, Institute of International Service Trade, Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce):China International Fair for Trade in Services in 2022 was held at the end of August. This important international economic and trade activity is closely related to our daily life. But what is service trade? Many people don’t necessarily have a deep understanding, and even don’t know how it relates to our life and work. In fact, service trade is right beside you and me. For example, watching an imported "blockbuster" in the cinema belongs to personal cultural and entertainment services; The cost of sending epidemic prevention materials to overseas friends belongs to transportation services. More comprehensively, service trade is the abbreviation of international service trade, which refers to the economic activities of transnational exchange with services as commodities, and the core is the service transaction with capital, labor and knowledge and technology as the basic elements.
Compared with traditional trade, service trade has at least the following characteristics, which is also the difference from traditional trade in goods.
One is invisibility and diversity. The subject matter of service transaction is usually intangible, but the intangibility of service trade is not absolute, because many services have been materialized, such as consultancy reports or software on disk. It is difficult to standardize the subject matter of service trade transactions, and it also presents diversified characteristics. For example, technology trade, as one of the contents of service trade, is subject to patents, trademarks, copyrights and know-how. The second is the synchronization of production and consumption. In general, the provision and consumption of service products in the international market are inseparable, and the process of service provision is the process of service consumption, except that service providers and consumers have different nationalities, and cross-border flow of service products is realized through commercial existence or the movement of natural persons, while the production and consumption of tangible goods can deviate in time and space. Of course, the emergence of digital service trade makes the production and consumption of service trade partially separated. Third, protection is more concealed and flexible. Because of the particularity of service trade objects, traditional tariff barriers can’t play a role, so the protection of service trade usually takes the form of non-tariff barriers, which is more subtle. The fourth is the complexity of supervision. Because service trade involves many industries and the management of personnel flow, the rules of service trade are more complicated and more difficult to manage.
Driven by the policy dividend and the development of digital economy, China’s service trade has continued to grow rapidly, showing remarkable characteristics of both quantity and quality, and showing a good development momentum in terms of trade scale, trade structure and competitive strength.
The scale of China’s cross-border trade has continued to grow rapidly, ranking second in the world for many years in a row, and its status as a big country in service trade has been further stabilized. From 2012 to 2021, China’s total import and export of services increased from US$ 482.9 billion to US$ 821.2 billion, and the trade scale increased by 70.1%. The service trade deficit kept shrinking, reaching the lowest value in recent years. Since 2020, China’s service exports have grown faster than imports, and the rapid growth of export scale has further reduced China’s service trade deficit. In 2021, China’s service trade deficit was only $32.7 billion; Affiliated service trade is an important part of international service trade. The combination of affiliated service trade data and cross-border service import and export data can more comprehensively reflect the development of a country’s service trade and systematically show a country’s ability and level of providing international services. In June 2017, China released the statistical data of China’s affiliated service trade for the first time, becoming one of the few countries in the world that can simultaneously publish the statistical data of cross-border service trade and affiliated service trade.
China’s service trade structure has been steadily optimized, the proportion of knowledge-intensive service trade has increased, and the advantages of traditional service trade have been further stabilized. From 2012 to 2021, the import and export structure of traditional fields, knowledge-intensive fields and other fields changed from 61∶34∶5 to 52∶43∶3, and knowledge-intensive service trade has become a new engine to enhance service export capacity and stabilize foreign trade growth. The trade advantages in traditional fields continue to be maintained, and transportation services have become the largest field of service trade in China. From 2012 to 2021, China’s total service trade in traditional fields maintained a steady growth trend, and the import and export volume increased from $292.64 billion to $436.5 billion. Since 2020, China’s transport services have surpassed travel services to become the largest field of service trade. In the first half of this year, the total trade in transport services was 1,047.62 billion yuan, accounting for 36.2% of the total trade in services, reaching a record high.
China’s service trade development index has risen rapidly, and its competitive strength tends to increase. According to "Global Service Trade Development Index Report 2021" issued by the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, China’s service trade development index rose from 20th to 14th. There are several reasons for the change of the index: First, under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the structure of China’s service trade has changed, and the service trade with travel services as the main import has been greatly affected. Second, the global trade in services has been generally impacted, but due to the differences in the structure of trade in services among economies, the impact on trade in services among economies is different. Countries or economies with knowledge-intensive structure are relatively less affected, while countries or economies with travel as the main structure are relatively more affected. Third, China’s continuous deepening of reform and opening up, the promotion of the construction of a free trade pilot zone, the continuous optimization of the business environment, and the continuous consolidation of the service industry foundation have become the main internal factors for the relative stability of China’s index.
Digitalization leads innovation and development.
Moderator: What progress has China made in the digitalization of service trade at present?
Wang Xiaohong (Deputy Director and Professor, Scientific Research and Information Department, China Center for International Economic Exchange):Digital trade is the leader of trade innovation and development, and it is also the focus for countries to compete for the commanding heights of international trade competition strategy and the dominance of rulemaking. China attaches great importance to the development of digital trade, constantly improves the promotion policies, speeds up the construction of digital infrastructure, continuously improves the opening level of service trade, enriches various open pilot platforms, and creates a favorable environment for the development of digital trade. The export scale of digital services has continued to expand, new formats and new models have developed rapidly, and the innovation ability and international competitiveness of digital enterprises have been greatly improved. Digital trade plays an increasingly important role in promoting trade growth, optimizing trade structure, driving trade innovation and promoting college students’ employment.
As the most dynamic stage of global digital trade, China has many bright spots in the development of digital trade. First, the export advantages of the new generation of information technology services are obvious, which strongly supports the informatization construction of developing countries in the "Belt and Road". The export of network and information security, artificial intelligence, integrated circuit design, information technology solutions and cloud computing services maintained a high growth. In 2021, the number of patents granted for blockchain technology will account for more than 50% of the world, and cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road will be increasingly extensive in the fields of cross-border trade, digital currency and qualification certification. Second, the export capacity of digital products has been enhanced, which has become an important carrier for spreading Chinese culture and enhancing exchanges among countries around the world. In 2021, the overseas sales revenue of China’s self-developed games increased by 16.6% year-on-year, and TV dramas were exported to more than 200 countries and regions, becoming the sixth largest digital music market in the world. Third, the level of service outsourcing participating in the global value chain division of labor has been continuously improved, which has driven the growth of producer services exports. In 2021, the execution amount of offshore service outsourcing in China was US$ 130.3 billion, up by 23.2% year-on-year, among which the execution amount of information technology outsourcing, business process outsourcing and knowledge process outsourcing accounted for 42.2%, 15.2% and 42.5% respectively, up by 13.3%, 11.1% and 25.3% respectively. Knowledge-intensive services such as management consulting, new energy technology research and development, information technology solutions, industrial design, medicine and biotechnology research and development have grown rapidly. Fourth, the cross-border e-commerce platform has significantly enhanced the pulling effect on trade in goods.Promote the rapid improvement of the level of trade digitalization. In 2021, cross-border e-commerce realized the import and export of goods of 1.92 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 18.6%. In addition, the international market for digital payment is expanding rapidly, and WeChat and Alipay are used by more countries. The cross-border flow of data in China accounts for about 23% of the world. It is estimated that in 2025, China’s data circle will account for 27.8% of the world and will become the largest data circle.
At present, the development of a new generation of global digital technology and the accelerated digital transformation of enterprises have made the international market for digital trade development increasingly broad. Although China’s talent structure is rich and diverse, its digital infrastructure is world-leading, and its digital technology innovation ability is increasing day by day, it still faces some problems, such as the degree of digitalization of service trade is lower than the global average, and the strength of digital technology and digital enterprises lags behind that of developed countries.
Therefore, China should take independent innovation as the guide and high-level opening as the driving force to promote the high-quality development of digital trade.
The first is to promote the growth of new technologies, new formats and new models. The new generation of digital technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, etc. can continuously expand the tradeable boundaries of services, give birth to new formats and new models, and improve relevant policy design. Promote the integration of digital technology with finance, insurance, culture, education and other fields, accelerate the penetration into traditional fields such as tourism, transportation, construction, processing and maintenance, continuously improve the level of digital service delivery, develop remote service models, and promote the cross-border e-commerce platform to transform and upgrade to the integration of goods trade and service trade.
The second is to make digital platform enterprises bigger and stronger. Taking cultivating internationally competitive digital platform enterprises as the top priority, relying on platform enterprises to build a global, open and innovative digital ecosystem, giving full play to the advantages of data resource integration of platform enterprises, providing services for small and medium-sized trade enterprises, creating a data system that connects the supply side with the demand side, forming a data open sharing mechanism and a data-driven innovation development model, and exploring an inclusive supervision mechanism for platforms.
The third is to promote institutional openness to the digital trade rules of elevation standards. Digital trade rules have become the most active field in the innovation and reform of international economic and trade rules. China needs to take the initiative to standardize international economic and trade rules, promote deep-seated reform and promote high-quality development with high-level opening. It is necessary to continue to reduce the negative list, expand the market access of knowledge-intensive service industries, remove restrictions such as the ratio of foreign shares and the nationality of managers, and promote the flow of natural persons and facilitate the cross-border flow of data. Build a high-standard intellectual property protection system to provide a good environment for attracting global digital technology, enterprises and talents.
The fourth is to build a "digital silk road" with high quality to promote international cooperation in the digital economy. Strengthen the "One Belt, One Road" related countries’ soft connectivity of digital trade rules and standards, and jointly build a digital governance system. By promoting the implementation of RCEP digital trade rules, we will improve the governance system of digital trade rules in China and lay the foundation for joining other international trade agreements. Promote the upgrading of free trade agreements such as ASEAN, China and South Korea, strengthen the signing of bilateral and regional digital economy partnership agreements with developed economies, carry out digital technology research and development and standard cooperation, provide a favorable external environment for enterprises to expand the international market, and also contribute more China wisdom and Chinese strength to the development of global digital economy and digital trade.
Remarkable achievements have been made in deepening reform and opening up
Moderator: What specific measures does China have to deepen the reform and opening up of service trade? What results have been achieved?
Yang Changyong (Researcher, Institute of Foreign Economic Research, China Macroeconomic Research Institute):Service trade is an important part of China’s foreign trade and open economy, and it is an important trend of international trade development under the background of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the continuous impact of COVID-19 epidemic. In recent years, in accordance with the requirements of high-quality economic development, China has persisted in deepening the reform and opening up of service trade, which has promoted the development, prosperity and structural optimization of service trade, which has not only made important contributions to China’s foreign trade stability and opening up, but also played an important role in the recovery of world economy and trade.
Continue to relax market access for service industries. After China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001, the service market was widely opened as promised, the entry threshold for foreign investment in the service sector was gradually lowered, the geographical and quantitative restrictions in the service sector were cancelled on schedule, and the business scope of allowing foreign investment in the service sector was continuously expanded. Among the 160 sub-sectors of the 12 categories of service sectors classified by the WTO, China has promised to open 100 sub-sectors in 9 categories, which is close to the average level of 108 sub-sectors promised by developed member countries. Since 2017, China has implemented a negative list of foreign investment access throughout the country. In the 2021 version of the negative list, there are only 23 special management measures for foreign investment access in service industries, which is significantly lower than that in 2017.
Vigorously promote the opening of cross-border service trade. Opening service trade through negative list is the main opening mode of international high-standard economic and trade agreements in the field of cross-border service trade, and it is also an important trend in the evolution of international economic and trade rules. In 2021, China issued the first negative list of cross-border service trade applicable to Hainan Free Trade Port, and defined 70 special management measures in 11 categories, which exceeded China’s WTO commitments and was higher than the major free trade agreements that have entered into force in China at present.
Create a high-level service trade reform and opening-up platform. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hainan, Chongqing and other provinces and cities have formed a "1+4" comprehensive pilot pattern for expanding and opening up the service industry. Among them, Beijing has successively implemented three rounds of pilot programs, and is currently upgrading to build a comprehensive demonstration zone for expanding and opening up the national service industry, and building a free trade pilot zone with scientific and technological innovation, service industry opening and digital economy as its main features. Since 2016, China has set up 28 pilot areas for innovation and development of service trade in three batches. In 2020, the implementation rate of specific measures for comprehensively deepening the innovation and development of service trade has exceeded 90%, and these pilot areas have become the highland of service trade development. Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the number of service outsourcing demonstration cities in China has increased from 21 to 37, which has played an important role in demonstrating and leading the high-quality development of the national service outsourcing industry. In recent years, China has set up a number of export bases with national characteristics in the fields of culture, Chinese medicine services and digital services, which has played a role in promoting the export of related services.
The scale of service trade has expanded significantly and has become an important force to stabilize foreign trade in China. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China’s total import and export of services increased by 29.7% compared with the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, and its position as the second largest country in global service trade was further consolidated. Last year, China’s total import and export of services was 5.3 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.1%; In the first half of this year, it increased by 21.6%. Under the situation that the world economy and international trade continue to be weak and the external environment is complex and severe, China’s service trade is booming and making important contributions to the stable development of foreign trade. In the first half of this year, the growth rate of service import and export exceeded that of goods import and export by 12.2 percentage points, which will become an important driving force for maintaining stability and improving quality of foreign trade this year.
The continuous optimization of service trade structure has become an important driving force for China’s industrial transformation and upgrading. The structural reform of the supply side of the service industry was further promoted, and the competitiveness of service exports was significantly enhanced. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the proportion of service exports in service trade increased by 9 percentage points. Knowledge-intensive services such as insurance services, financial services, telecommunications computer and information services, intellectual property royalties, personal cultural and entertainment services and other commercial services continued to grow rapidly. Excluding 2020, which is adversely affected by the epidemic, the import and export of knowledge-intensive services will increase by 11% annually from 2015 to 2019, contributing 70.9% to the growth of service import and export. In 2021, the export of personal cultural and entertainment services, intellectual property royalties, telecommunications computers and information services increased by 35%, 26.9% and 22.3% respectively. In the first half of this year, the export of knowledge-intensive services increased by 13.1% year-on-year, 7.2 percentage points higher than the import growth rate.
The active innovation of service trade system has become an important boost for China to build a new open economic system with a higher level. All kinds of service trade reform and opening-up platforms are in line with international high-standard economic and trade rules, persist in bold trials and bold ventures, and have accumulated rich experience in promoting the liberalization, facilitation and innovation and development of service trade. For example, xiong’an new area focuses on the integration of "digital+finance" innovation, and carries out the digital RMB pilot in depth, laying a solid foundation for the development of digital trade; Beijing’s construction patent application gives priority to the review and recommendation of online green channels, which effectively promotes the transformation of innovation achievements; Suzhou has promoted the identification of international professional qualifications and domestic professional titles, which has strongly supported the opening of key industries such as biomedicine; Guangzhou established Hong Kong and Macao Children’s School, which enhanced the attraction of high-end professional service talents in Hong Kong and Macao. These institutional innovations not only enhance the development momentum and competitiveness of service trade, but also become an important exploration for China to build a new open economic system at a higher level, which provides an important boost for high-level opening up.
Actively respond to new opportunities and challenges
Moderator: What are the problems, opportunities and challenges in the development of China’s service trade? What should we focus on?
Zhao Jin (Researcher national academy of economic strategy):Although the scale of China’s service trade has been ranked second in the world for many years, and the status of service trade in international trade has been continuously improved, there are still some shortcomings in service development.
First, international competitiveness needs to be strengthened. Software and information services are at the low end of the industrial chain, and basic software, industrial software and key core technologies are still subject to developed countries such as the United States. Compared with developed countries in Europe and America, transportation services, telecommunication services, financial services and cultural services are less competitive. There is a long-term deficit in education services and travel services.
Second, the digitization level of service trade is not high. United Nations trade statistics show that in 2020, China’s digital service trade exports accounted for 55.1% of the total service trade exports, far below the world average (63.55%), the United States (75.55%) and Germany (65.55%).
Third, the openness of the service industry needs to be further improved. According to the service trade restriction index of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, among the 50 economies in the world, in 2021, China’s service trade restriction index ranked ninth. Among them, the restrictions on foreign investment access rank fourth in the world.
Fourth, the service trade management system and mechanism need to be further improved. Although the six-year service trade innovation pilot has made progress, the construction of cross-border service trade negative list management system, promotion system, supervision system, statistics system and safety system still has a long way to go.
At the same time, China’s service trade development is also facing new opportunities and challenges.
In terms of opportunities, digital technology has achieved a breakthrough in non-tradable services, and the future development of service trade has broad prospects. 5G technology makes telemedicine, online education, online marketing and other services tradeable, and new service trade formats based on digital technology have emerged, such as digital games, digital publishing, digital audio-visual applications, mobile application services, network services, content software, etc. The scale and structure of service trade development will undergo tremendous changes in the future.
The liberalization of service trade has been accelerated, and the pace of service globalization has been accelerated. For more than 20 years, the Doha negotiations have been struggling, but significant progress has been made in plurilateral and regional negotiations. More than two-thirds of the agreements concluded in the past 10 years contain rules on trade in services, and high-level liberalization of trade in services is implemented with negative lists as the mainstay. By the end of 2021, the negotiations on the domestic regulation agreement of the World Trade Organization’s service trade, which was attended by 67 member countries, were successfully completed. Eighty-six members of the World Trade Organization, including China, the European Union and the United States, are formulating global rules for cross-border electronic commerce.
The center of gravity of the world economy has moved eastward, and the market potential of service trade development is huge. In recent years, China’s economic growth is pushing the focus of the world economy eastward. From 2019 to 2020, despite the global recession caused by the global epidemic of COVID-19, the economy in Asia still maintained a good growth momentum. In 2020, Asia’s economic aggregate will account for 47.3% of the world’s total, and its share in international service trade will increase to 30.6%. China is located in the center of the Asian value chain. With the eastward shift of the center of gravity of the world economy and the mass rise of developing countries, the market potential of China’s service trade development is huge.
In terms of challenges, the double epidemic situation of COVID-19 and monkeypox is superimposed, and the cross-border flow of factors is restricted. Compared with the trade in goods, the epidemic situation has a greater impact on the trade in services. Apart from cross-border delivery, commercial existence, cross-border consumption and the movement of natural persons are all affected by epidemic control in various countries. Strengthening the resilience of supply chain will remain a difficult problem for the development of global trade.
The U.S. government’s mandatory decoupling and chain breaking policy hinders the development of the global digital economy. Recently, the Chip and Science Act of 2022 issued by the US government will cause great distortion to the global semiconductor supply chain, and the "Indo-Pacific Economic Framework" will disrupt the normal international trade order. It is expected that information services and the global digitalization process will be affected.
The continuation of the Ukrainian crisis may trigger the risk of world economic recession. International organizations such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have generally lowered their world economic growth expectations in response to the rising prices of food, fuel and fertilizers, increasing financial instability and complex global supply chain restructuring caused by the crisis. The report of UNCTAD pointed out that the impact of the Ukrainian crisis on global trade and development will have a huge impact on the world economy.
To actively respond to opportunities and challenges, we should strive to make efforts from the following aspects.
First, seize the new opportunities for digital development of services brought about by digital technology, and accelerate the new round of pilot innovation and development of service trade. In the future, the innovation and development direction of service trade should focus on digitalization, focus on establishing a new digital supply chain ecosystem, and accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises, digital governance of governments and digital cooperation of countries.
Second, seize the opportunity of restructuring the service trade rules and comprehensively deepen the reform. The reconstruction of contemporary international economic and trade rules involves a country’s domestic economic system and market economy system. China should comprehensively deepen reform, implement institutional innovation, improve the quality and level of the system, establish a modern market economy system, and improve the intellectual property protection system, investor legal protection system, property rights system, regulatory evaluation and coordination system. At the same time, strengthen the coordination of international rules and international regulatory cooperation, promote international cooperation through mutual authentication and the use of international standards and regulations, and break down the regulatory barriers of service trade exports.
Third, seize the opportunity of the group rise of developing countries and actively explore the European and Asia-Pacific markets with the focus on the "Belt and Road". The global service trade market is mainly concentrated in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, and the future market potential is mainly in developing countries. The "Belt and Road" is a new platform for international cooperation connecting Eurasia, and most countries are developing countries with broad market space for international service trade development. Focusing on the "Belt and Road" and actively exploring markets in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region will effectively empower China’s service trade to achieve leapfrog development.
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Today, "Huayuan will be fully connected to the central bank’s credit information system" boarded the hot search and once dominated the list.

According to the prospectus previously released by Ant, Alipay has more than 1 billion active users each year, and about 500 million people use flower beds. It is understood that as early as 2019, some Huayuan users accessed the central bank’s credit information system. Since last year, the speed of flower beds has accelerated, and a large number of flower beds users have access to the central bank’s credit information in the form of "product upgrade".

At present, there are still some old users who are not connected to the central bank’s credit information system because they have not accepted the "upgrade". However, new users who want to open a flower garden must access the central bank’s credit information system.

It is foreseeable that in the future, the credit information service will gradually cover all flower garden users. The records of these users’ flowers will also be uploaded to the central bank’s credit information system.

Does the flower garden "go to the credit" affect the mortgage?

"The frequency of microfinance has increased, and regular mortgages cannot be put down." "When mortgage loans are made, some banks will require borrowers not to have consumer loans for nearly three months."

After Hua Bai was connected to the central bank’s credit report, many netizens also expressed their concerns on the Internet.

It is reported that the information submitted by Hua Bai to the credit information system includes the opening date of the account, the credit line, the use of the line and the repayment situation. At present, on the basis of obtaining the authorization of users, some users have been able to find the record of flower buds in their own credit report.

This means that if you have dozens of loan records in a month, regardless of the amount, it will be displayed on the credit report.

"If you need a loan for tens of yuan and frequently borrow money, the bank will think that you are short of money." A flower garden user told Tiger Sniff that there are many users who are worried that their consumption records of several yuan and several tens of yuan will be printed on the credit report one by one, thus affecting the higher amount of loans in the future.

Hua Bai clarified that normal use of Hua Bai and good habits of use and repayment will not affect the credit record, nor will it lead to loan difficulties, and more than 99% of Hua Bai users have good use records.

Yu Baicheng, president of Zero One Research Institute, also told the Securities Daily that once the flower garden is connected to the central bank’s credit information system, it means that individual users’ loans and overdue and default information in the flower garden will enter the central bank’s credit information system. If there is default, overdue and other behaviors will have an impact on users’ future large loans such as mortgages and car loans. However, in the case of not overdue, it will not be affected by users.

However, whether Huayuan users can get loans smoothly in the future, especially the large amount of mortgages, the "attitude" of banks may be the key.

If most commercial banks don’t recognize micro-loans, and think that micro-loans mean that users are short of money, cash flow is tight, and credit is problematic, then this is not good for flower garden users; If most commercial banks think that users’ frequent use of small loans can’t reflect users’ credit problems, then this will not have a big impact on flower shop users.

Experts said: "There is also a" contempt chain "in commercial banks. Excessive use of Internet credit products may adversely affect the approval and quota of users applying for mortgages and credits."

Generally speaking, it is a more favorable thing for consumers as a whole, which will end the problem of domestic credit islands and enhance the risk control ability of institutions. "The access of Huayuan to personal credit information will help to supplement the problem of incomplete coverage of personal credit information lending records." Some bankers said.

Internet credit "on credit" has become a trend.

A gentleman’s words are faithful and have signs, so his resentment is far beyond his body. "This sentence comes from" Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong Eight Years ",which is the source of the word credit investigation. The original intention of credit investigation is to make people "complain far more than themselves" and make credit the cornerstone of society. Internet credit products have joined the national team and accessed the national credit information system, which also has such a moral.

Besides ants, JD.COM and Tencent also launched similar Internet credit products.

At the same time as Huabai, JD.COM Baitiao was launched in JD.COM Mall in February 2014, providing users with the services of "consumption first, payment later" and "30-day interest-free installment at will".

However, micro-loan was launched on QQ and WeChat platforms in 2015 after JD.COM Baitiao and Huabai.

Although they all adopt the consumption mode of "consumption first, then payment", their user positioning and credit line are different.

33% of users of Huabai are post-90s, post-80s users account for 48.5%, and post-70s users account for 14.3%, and its quota ranges from 500 yuan to 50,000 yuan. Compared with other payment methods, ant flower buds attract more new generation consumer groups. Among the users of ant flower beds, hipsters and foodies have become the main force. The data shows that women’s fashion products such as women’s wear, accessories, beauty and skin care, handbags and shoes account for more than 20% of the goods purchased by ant flower beds.

The credit line of "Micro-loan" to users is between 100 yuan and 200,000 yuan, which varies according to the individual’s comprehensive situation. A single loan can be borrowed from 100 yuan-40,000 yuan. Micro-loan was launched by Weizhong Bank, the first internet bank in China, in May 2015. It adopts the official invitation system, and can only be opened through official invitation and the official can actively increase the quota according to the user’s credit record. Any person or organization that needs to spend money to open micro-loan and increase the quota is a fraud.

JD.COM Baitiao is the first Internet consumer financial product in the industry. It is characterized by many service scenarios, and cooperates with nearly 10 million merchants online and offline, covering life and entertainment, business travel, education and training, communication and leasing industries. We often cooperate with banks to jointly sign the electronic account "White-stripe Flash Payment", and expand the white-stripe payment to offline through NFC technology, and further broaden the usage scenarios of white-stripe payment by binding WeChat payment.

The three major internet credit products have been "recruited", and it is the general trend for digital financial services to access the credit information system.

According to public information, since around 2016, micro-loans and JD.COM IOUs have been connected to the central bank’s credit information system. Before the flower garden business, the main body was the Internet microfinance company. Since this year, the flower garden business has been transferred to ant consumer financial institutions.

Previously, flower buds were regarded as a new way of consumption, not financial services. After accessing credit information, it meant that their financial attributes were greater than consumption attributes, and the transfer of flower buds business to ant consumer financial institutions once again emphasized their financial business attributes. This gives them a "legal identity" and invisibly brings them a "tightening spell" to compete with financial institutions.

This is also what the "flower lovers" need to face together in the future.

People who are changing and want to change the world are sniffing the APP.

Reporting/feedback

Shanxi, the Supreme Leader, investigates and mentions ＂Luliang Spirit＂ again, concentrating on tackling poverty in depth.

　　CCTV News:On the morning of June 21st, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a special mention of "Luliang Spirit" when he visited Shanxi: during the revolutionary war years, Lvliang’s sons and daughters forged the great Luliang Spirit with their blood and life. CCTV’s "I want to ask Xiaobian" answers questions from netizens.

　　Netizen Mo Xi asked:

　　The "spirit of Luliang" mentioned by the Supreme Leader General Secretary during his inspection tour in Shanxi on June 21st, can you explain it in detail? Now, how should we practice the spirit of Luliang when we realize the goal of "two hundred years" and get rid of poverty in depth?

　　Xiaobian a:

　　"Luliang Spirit" is a spiritual wealth nurtured in the special geographical environment of Lvliang Mountains, a unique spiritual outlook formed by the people in the long-term social practice, and a magic weapon for Lvliang people to win the revolution and construction. The "spirit of Luliang" can be summarized as "struggling hard, taking care of the overall situation, striving for self-improvement and being brave in innovation". Among them, hard work is the cornerstone, the overall situation is the core, self-improvement is the essence, and innovation is the soul.

　　"Luliang spirit" not only has its own unique characteristics, but also comes down in one continuous line with a series of great spirits of the party, such as Jinggangshan spirit, Long March spirit, Yan ‘an spirit and Taihang spirit.

　　On the morning of June 21st, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a special mention of "Luliang Spirit" when he visited Shanxi: "During the revolutionary war years, Lvliang’s sons and daughters forged the great Luliang Spirit with their blood and lives. We must use this spirit in today’s era and continue to live a happy life for the people and strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. "

　　The spirit of Luliang condensed in the war years pointed out the direction for the heroic sons and daughters of Sanjin to save the nation and lay a solid foundation for the final victory. At the beginning of reform and opening up, Lvliang people emancipated their minds in time, followed the tide of reform, and once again accomplished the feat of keeping pace with the times, becoming the pioneer of rural reform in China. Today, when the whole party and people of all ethnic groups are struggling to achieve the goal of "two hundred years" and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the spirit of Luliang is still full of the significance of keeping pace with the times.

　　During his visit to Shanxi, the Supreme Leader visited the poor people in Zhaojiawa Village, kelan county, Xinzhou City. Along the rugged dirt road in the village, the supreme leader went into the homes of three villagers one after another to inspect their living environment, understand the causes of poverty and the feasibility of increasing income, and discuss with the cadres and the masses the plan to get rid of poverty. The concentrated contiguous destitute areas in Luliang Mountain span the banks of the Yellow River, including 20 counties adjacent to Shanxi and Shaanxi. It is not only an old revolutionary base area, but also a poor mountainous area. It is one of the main battlefields of the new round of poverty alleviation and development. Since the national poverty alleviation work was carried out, the people in the old areas have made every effort to push forward poverty alleviation according to local conditions and precise policies, relocated to help uproot the poor, trained nursing workers to improve their skills, and made ecological poverty alleviation green and increased income … … With frequent highlights and constant innovation, the "Luliang spirit" is drawing new goals on the answer sheet of poverty alleviation.

　　On the first working day after the Spring Festival in 2017, Lvliang took the lead in laying out a "battle map" to tackle poverty, and formulated the "Spring Action" Work Plan for Lvliang to tackle poverty. The "Spring Action" focused on seven tasks, including adhering to a precise strategy in the dynamic. On May 4th, Lvliang held a non-stop summary of "Spring Action" and a mobilization meeting of "Summer Offensive", pointing out that poverty alleviation has gained momentum and achieved positive results, and it is necessary to consolidate and expand the results through "Summer Offensive".

　　In this tough battle against poverty, taking Guihua Village, Xinyi Town, lishi district City, Lvliang as an example, the village has innovated and developed rural tourism with farmhouse music as the representative and farmers as the main business, which has become the leading industry for local people to get rid of poverty and become rich. The launch of the reality show has driven 56 poor households, with an average income increase of about 4,000 yuan. Cui Yongquan, a villager in Yonghong Village, Xinyi Town, lishi district, said that in the past, facing the loess and facing the sky, he couldn’t make much money a day. Now he is an actor and can earn 80 yuan a day. Driven by rural tourism, a number of farmhouse music, picking gardens, handicrafts and local products e-commerce are also developing rapidly.

　　In the vast rural areas of Luliangshan area, many rural women have nothing to do all the year round, and they can only turn around the pot, husband and children every day, which is called "three turns" by the local people. In order to help these poor women get rid of poverty, in September 2015, Lvliang launched the first domestic nursing poverty alleviation training program in Shanxi Province, guiding rural women to participate in the "main battlefield" of poverty alleviation and giving full play to the role of "half the sky". Data show that in 2016, Lvliang trained a total of 10,474 nursing workers, of whom 4,298 went to Beijing, Taiyuan and other places for employment, with an average monthly income of more than 3,000 yuan. With the help of the government, a model of "caring for workers in Lvliang" is becoming a visible, tangible and feasible way for the poor people in Luliang Mountain area to get rid of poverty, and the spirit of Luliang is inspiring people in the old revolutionary areas to be self-reliant and run towards a well-off life with its unique appeal and appeal.

　　Great times breed great spirit, and great spirit leads great dreams. The supreme leader has repeatedly stressed that the Chinese nation has an indomitable, endless and tenacious spirit. To realize the Chinese dream, we must carry forward the spirit of China, which also contains the spirit of Luliang. China spirit is the concrete embodiment of socialist core values and an important source of strength to inspire us to realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation, national prosperity and people’s happiness. As a nation with a long history and cultural tradition, we must not only inherit the spirit of China, but also create and own the spirit of China in the new era. From poverty alleviation to building a well-off society in an all-round way, from "two hundred years" to realizing the Chinese dream, we must persist in taking the spirit of China, represented by the spirit of Luliang, as a powerful driving force for unity and forge ahead. Do not forget your initiative mind, let the spirit of Luliang shine brightly in the new historical period.

[Depth] MIUI： Xiaomi’s last line of defense

On May 15th, the second important new product launch conference of Xiaomi Company finally came to an end. The second generation of Xiaomi TV and the rumored Xiaomi tablet finally showed their true colors, while Xiaomi 3S continued to be absent.

On the surface, Xiaomi TV and Xiaomi Tablet are undoubtedly the absolute "protagonists" at this conference, but there is actually a "supporting role" throughout the conference. Although there are not many scenes, it is essential. It is MIUI.

At the press conference, Xiaomi Tablet was introduced. Due to the tight time, an important PPT was passed by Lei Jun, and the information it conveyed was immediately submerged in the restless atmosphere created by the release of two heavyweight new products, which did not get the attention of the audience. What this PPT shows is that MIUI has more than 50 million users worldwide.

MIUI is praised as "the soul of Xiaomi" by rice flour, and is widely regarded as the core competitiveness of Xiaomi mobile phone. This ROM based on the secondary development of Android operating system was released one year before the first generation of Xiaomi mobile phone, which made great contributions to the company’s early expansion and brought the earliest seed users to Xiaomi.

Since its release, the MIUI development version has maintained the tradition of updating every Friday, and has iterated nearly 200 versions so far. Within Xiaomi Company, a huge team of more than 400 people is responsible for its development and daily maintenance.

An interesting phenomenon is that even the most "mean" opponents often show a considerable degree of respect when mentioning MIUI, which is in stark contrast to their attitude towards Xiaomi mobile phone. The most severe criticism of MIUI is limited to its "bloated". Due to a lot of optimization and functional innovation on the native Android system, MIUI is huge and occupies memory, and sometimes it will run poorly on some low-profile models.

In fact, on the front line of smart phones, Xiaomi’s once proud cost-effective advantage has almost been eroded by his opponents. ZTE Nubia, Huawei Glory, Meizu and other enterprises are all competitive competitors. In addition, there are a number of new manufacturers such as Yijia and IUNI. Aside from marketing, brand and other factors, MIUI is the last line of defense for Xiaomi’s mobile phone only from the product level.

However, for all manufacturers who regard Xiaomi as an imaginary enemy, it is not easy to break through this last line of defense.

MIUI ecosphere

Before Android 4.0, the poor user experience of Android phones gave many third-party Roms living space, and MIUI was one of them. For a long time, MIUI has been advertised as the most suitable ROM for China people.

However, if you still only regard MIUI as a ROM with a good user experience, it obviously underestimates its strength and role. After four years of development, MIUI has already surpassed the meaning of a ROM and initially built an independent ecosystem.

The reason why it can be called "ecology" is that in the MIUI system, some functions and services are extending attractive opportunities for realizing cash, and attracting more and more resources and forces other than Xiaomi to enter it.

This statement may be somewhat abstract, and an analogy with Apple’s iOS ecosystem may help you understand. The App Store based on the iOS ecosystem has attracted tens of thousands of developers, and many people rely on it to make a living and even become billionaires.

Although Xiaomi can’t be completely compared with Apple, MIUI is showing such potential. On the basis of MIUI, Xiaomi has built its own application store, theme store, game center, browser, video center and cloud service. We can regard the above as the middle section of MIUI pyramid, and then go up one level, which is an independent application that can survive without MIUI by reading more and chatting more. In addition, Xiaomi has also launched its own virtual currency-rice coin, which can be used to recharge games, buy themes and read more books.

The case that best illustrates that MIUI has formed an ecology is Xiaomi’s theme store. At present, the theme store has been able to bring millions of water to Xiaomi every month. According to Xiaomi, some top designers can earn 70,000 to 80,000 yuan per month by relying on theme sales, and some designers have identified their superiors, so they set up a company to operate professionally.

Not only that, the distribution ability of Xiaomi theme even attracted the attention of many businesses. Not long ago, when the Hollywood blockbuster Captain America was released, Guevara cooperated with Xiaomi to launch the theme of Captain America, and the download volume reached 550,000 times in the first week after its launch. Previously, Xiaomi estimated that the total download volume could reach 200,000 times, which was already remarkable.

According to Hong Feng, co-founder of Xiaomi and head of MIUI, the profit model of Xiaomi theme store in the future may be To B, because the theme is a very good way to promote corporate culture. Previously, MIUI has cooperated with Coca-Cola Company to launch the theme. Compared with the payment ability of the C-end market, the enterprise-level market is undoubtedly a bigger cake. "If it is commercialized in the future, it is possible that this piece is several times larger than To C." Hong Feng judged.

What can better show the strength of MIUI is the app store.

Xiaomi’s app store has been recognized as one of the top five distribution channels of Android in the industry, followed by Baidu, 360, Tencent and pea pods. Xiaomi is the only company with hardware background in the first camp. A marketer with a user volume of over 100 million apps told reporters that Xiaomi App Store is rapidly embarking on the road of commercialization, such as starting to sell a large number of advertising spaces. However, in Xiaomi’s view, the commercialization of the app store has actually been quite restrained compared to the opportunities that have already appeared in front of Xiaomi. "We have been controlling the proportion of positions we sell." Xu Fei, director of MIUI products, said.

Different from the application market dominated by mobile phone manufacturers, Xiaomi users are generally heavy users of the Internet, which also makes the user activity of Xiaomi application market much higher than that of rivals. "We sell 3 million active users, which is equivalent to 10 million active users of other manufacturers."

Compared with the other four major channels, the greater horror of Xiaomi App Store is that with the steady increase of Xiaomi’s mobile phone shipments, its distribution capacity will continue to grow at a high speed.

To measure the value of Xiaomi App Store, just make a horizontal comparison and you will have an idea-in January 2014, pea pods got a series B financing from Softbank with a valuation of more than $1 billion. Previously, Baidu had spent $1.85 billion to acquire 91 Wireless.

MIUI’s native browser can’t be underestimated. For most smart phones in the Android ecosystem, the native browser built by manufacturers is often a display. Users usually download UC or other third-party browsers to meet their online needs, but MIUI’s native browser is the first choice for many Xiaomi users.

A number of surveys on Xiaomi users in MIUI Forum show that MIUI browser is the second largest browser among Xiaomi users after UC. Among them, about 40% of users use UC browser, while 30% use native browser.

But at present, it is still the business of game intermodal transport that contributes most of MIUI’s income. In fact, in the era of mobile internet, mobile advertising has never formed a scale, and the industry has not explored a better business model. In contrast, games are still the easiest and most mature means of realizing cash.

In February this year, Xiaomi announced the establishment of "Xiaomi Mutual Entertainment", integrating its game center, video and rice chat business lines, and Shang Jin, the former CEO of Kirin Games, became the general manager of the new company. Just a week before the establishment of Xiaomi Mutual Entertainment, Xiaomi announced the strategic investment in Xishanju, a game company. Mobile games are the most important force point for Xishanju at present. With the launch of Xiaomi tablet, the role of Xiaomi’s mutual entertainment will become more and more important in the future, because for most users, the tablet carries entertainment functions, in which games and videos have great commercial imagination.

The reason for setting up Xiaomi Mutual Entertainment, Hong Feng explained: "Because it can run faster. Although each of our small teams runs fast, we can always run faster. "

Today, MIUI has been able to contribute more than 30 million yuan to Xiaomi every month, and it still maintains a rapid growth momentum.

Invisible "secret" troops

These are actually the most obvious parts of the MIUI ecosystem, and beyond them, MIUI has many "hidden" skills that have not really been opened. These functions are hidden in the development version of MIUI weekly iteration, and most ordinary users can’t experience them in the first time.

This operation mode is the strategy that MIUI has been adhering to. The weekly iteration version of MIUI is mainly aimed at those feverish users who are willing to toss. They are real rice noodles, and because they know smart phones very well, they will be relatively tolerant of various bugs. MIUI’s development team will constantly polish and correct the functions of the products according to the feedback from these brush users every week. Only when the product is polished relatively maturely will Xiaomi release a stable version of MIUI for all users.

At present, the "secret" troops hidden in the development version are Xiaomi Yellow Pages. Xiaomi is trying to deeply integrate the dialing function with the Yellow Pages, making the phone call more barrier-free.

In the cognition of most users, making a phone call seems to be quite convenient, and there is no need for any improvement at all, but the MIUI team obviously doesn’t think so.

In the matter of making a phone call, the so-called "convenience" refers to the conversation between acquaintances, but in fact this is not the whole thing. The conversation with strangers also accounts for a considerable proportion of people’s daily calls.

I believe everyone has this experience. Whenever they see an incoming call from a strange number, they will feel more or less entangled, especially in some occasions where it is inconvenient to answer the phone. On the one hand, they don’t want to be harassed by sales advertisements, on the other hand, they are worried about missing some important information, such as interview notice or cooperation opportunities.

Another kind of scene is also common. When you want to order takeout, you can’t find the take-out list of the restaurant, so you can only go online to search for the phone number of the restaurant on the public comment.

These are actually the pain points of users in making phone calls. MIUI’s goal is to eliminate strange numbers.

MIUI has been working hard for this for a long time. For example, if you want to order McDonald’s take-out, you can display McDonald’s ordering hotline by directly inputting McDonald’s pinyin on the dial-up interface, and you don’t need the user to remember or save this number. In the development version, the yellow pages function has been further optimized. MIUI can recommend restaurants around you according to your location, and even access the public comment service, which can help users make better choices.

For merchants, this is undoubtedly a very good promotion opportunity, and from the perspective of MIUI, this kind of resources and services can naturally lead to business opportunities in the future, for example, the location of merchants can be sold like an application store.

Most mobile phone manufacturers with traditional backgrounds still stay on the product itself, but for Xiaomi, its vision is obviously broader.

A convincing example is the cooperation between Xiaomi and Maiwaidi, which is a company that helps businesses build WiFi networks and then provides users with free Internet access services. If you often surf the Internet in places like Starbucks, you will definitely hear about this company. In September last year, Maiwaidi completed the B round of financing, and the investor was Xiaomi. In March of this year, Xiaomi officially cooperated with Maiwaidi to launch a one-click Internet service for MIUI users.

Surfing the Internet in a public place like a coffee shop is a very bad experience, especially in the process of asking the waiter for the WiFi password, which always takes a lot of time, and MIUI has helped users solve these troubles through cooperation with Maiwaidi. For example, when a user enters a Starbucks and wants to connect to wifi, he will find that MIUI automatically prompts that there is free WiFi provided by Maididi, and the user can click the connection according to the prompt, eliminating the step of entering the password.

Although these functions and services may not seem as gorgeous as app stores and theme stores, they are also a very important part of the MIUI ecosystem.

"Now users are doing all kinds of things with their mobile phones. As long as they are the service providers behind these things, they may be part of our ecosystem. What we want to do is to help users better when this service can help users. " Hong Feng said, "In the traditional sense, Maiwaidi doesn’t seem to be a partner of Xiaomi Ecology, but in fact it is."

The more you know about MIUI, you will find that although the hardware part of Xiaomi’s mobile phone is no longer advantageous, the existence of MIUI allows Xiaomi to face external challenges calmly. MIUI is like the shield in Captain America’s hands. On the one hand, it can help Xiaomi resist fierce attacks from opponents, and at other times, it can also serve as an offensive weapon.

New weapons and new imagination

In early April, on the eve of the annual rice noodle festival, Xiaomi released a new application-Xiaomi system. According to the official statement, Xiaomi system is a product between MIUI ROM and Xiaomi Desktop App. In addition to the beautification function similar to Xiaomi desktop, it also integrates MIUI’s dial-up management, address book, cloud service and other special functions, which greatly reduces the use threshold of MIUI. On the publicity page of Xiaomi system, Xiaomi simply defines it as "MIUI without brushing". Of course, the name "Xiaomi system" has also attracted many criticisms for it.

Creating such a product is not a whim of Xiaomi. In fact, Xiaomi has great ambitions for it.

Before the Xiaomi system, the Xiaomi desktop App had been launched for nearly two years and gained 5 million users, but this achievement did not satisfy Hong Feng.

"Many people have done desktops, including Go Desktop, 360 and Tencent, but gradually you will find that the desktop is not a pain point for users. It mainly meets the needs of users for beautification, but how important is this demand? How big is its audience? In fact, we see that it has a ceiling. " Hong Feng told Business Value, "It’s not easy for such a product to reach 10 million to 20 million active users in China. If we do our best, then why should Xiaomi do this?"

In his view, Xiaomi’s annual shipments are more than the number of people covered by desktop products. "If we can do more than one pure software thing through hardware means, then it proves that this thing is a failure."

For this reason, Xiaomi hopes to break through the bottleneck of the desktop in another way, and it hopes to bring more experiences to those non-Xiaomi mobile phone users besides beautification. "Compared with people who brush machines, installing an application is at least 10 times. Now that 6 million people have brushed MIUI, does it mean that the Xiaomi system has at least 100 million users with potential? "

Although the Xiaomi system is still in the public beta stage, Hong Feng has already seen the potential from it. Two weeks after the public beta of Xiaomi system, the user feedback it received exceeded the user feedback obtained during the whole life cycle of Xiaomi desktop. "We have 3 million active users on Xiaomi desktop, and the feedback of 3 million active users for two years is no match for the feedback of 300 internal beta users for two weeks. This is the difference. "

For Xiaomi, the Xiaomi system may become a new killer of Xiaomi, invading the opponent’s territory in such a way. Moreover, in the future, MIUI is likely to integrate more functions into the Xiaomi system, such as its own application store and so on.

Today’s MIUI has almost become synonymous with intimacy, and this brand effect is even more terrible than the product itself. For example, the tablet computer just released by Xiaomi, the biggest selling point is actually the Pad version of MIUI. The user experience of Android tablet has been criticized by users, and the entry of MIUI at least gives Xiaomi fans a reason to give up the iPad mini. Because in the eyes of MIUI fans, MIUI can solve the problem of poor user experience of Android tablet.

Lei Jun said at the press conference that Xiaomi hopes to promote the development of the Android tablet ecosystem through MIUI’s app store, game center and open platform. In other words, MIUI is Xiaomi’s hope to open the situation in the Android tablet market.

It is also worth mentioning that from the Pad version of MIUI, Xiaomi’s thinking seems to be undergoing some subtle changes. After the public beta version of MIUI for Pad was released in mid-March, Lei Jun said at the Weibo that he would open cooperation with third-party Pad manufacturers. In other words, tablet manufacturers have the opportunity to pre-install MIUI system on their products. In the mobile phone market, MIUI has been exploring markets other than Xiaomi by fans’ independent brushing.

Xiaomi’s latest two flagship products, Xiaomi 3 and Xiaomi Tablet, both use Tegra 4 and Tegra K1, the most advanced new products in NVIDIA in the same period, and both are the first models. With MIUI, Xiaomi and NVIDIA may form a "wintel alliance" similar to that of Intel and Microsoft in the future. Who said that such a thing must be a fantasy? In a commercial society, everything is possible. In fact, a careful analysis of the temperament and culture of these two companies reveals that the two companies actually have many similarities. NVIDIA’s GPU is famous for its high performance and has a large number of loyal fans among gamers. Both companies are also rich in engineer culture, which also leaves room for various forms of deep cooperation between the two companies in the future.

Looking at Xiaomi from the perspective of selling hardware, you may think that this company is "in name only" and only relies on marketing, but only by looking at this company as a whole can you appreciate its strength. In fact, Lei Jun repeatedly stressed that Xiaomi should be a triathlon, that is, hardware, software and services, from the very beginning when he founded Xiaomi, and stressed that he did not expect hardware to make money. Only in the past three years, Xiaomi has always regarded cost performance as its biggest selling point, which also makes the outside world pay attention to it most of the time on the hardware.

However, with Xiaomi’s "primitive accumulation" in hardware, Lei Jun’s next step will definitely focus on software and services. From Xiaomi’s various initiatives in the past six months, such changes can already be clearly felt. Fundamentally speaking, it is difficult to widen the gap between hardware, and now the competition in the industry has gone astray, which has become a comparison of component grades. This trend is already very obvious. With the further convergence of various products, if you want to attract users in the future, you must work hard on software and services.

For the manufacturers who want to kill Xiaomi, at this time point, they should realize that the best components and industrial design are not enough to defeat Xiaomi, and the imitation at the ROM level can only learn the fur of MIUI. So far, the thinking of traditional manufacturers still stays on how to build a high-quality mobile phone, while Lei Jun has designed a more magnificent blueprint for Xiaomi. He wants to build a mobile Internet ecosystem covering hardware, software and services. In this blueprint, the mobile phone is at the core, but it is only a part of it. To some extent, the significance of MIUI is far more important than the hardware of Xiaomi’s mobile phone. (Text/"Commercial Value" Yang Zhao)

Related: [exclusive interview] MIUI Hongfeng: We don’t brush the sense of existence.

Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Yunnan Province on Printing and Distributing the Interim Measures for the Performance Assessment of the Persons in Charge of Provincial Enter

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial departments and provincial enterprises:

The Interim Measures for the Performance Assessment of the Persons in Charge of Provincial Enterprises in Yunnan Province have been approved by the provincial people’s government and are hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement them carefully.

General Office of Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

July 31, 2020

(This piece is publicly released)

Interim Measures for the Performance Assessment of Responsible Persons of Provincial Enterprises in Yunnan Province

Chapter I General Principles

sequenceitem　In order to fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the series of decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government on deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises and improving the management system of state-owned assets, earnestly fulfill the responsibilities of investors in state-owned assets of enterprises, safeguard the rights and interests of owners, fulfill the responsibility of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets, establish and improve an effective incentive and restraint mechanism, guide the high-quality development of provincial enterprises, and continue to become stronger, better and bigger. According to "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Company Law", "People’s Republic of China (PRC) State-owned Assets Law", "Provisional Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of State-owned Assets of Enterprises" and other laws and regulations and the relevant provisions of comprehensively deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, combined with the actual situation in our province, these measures are formulated.

the second　The measures referred to in provincial enterprises, refers to according to the authorization of the provincial people’s government, by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the provincial people’s government (hereinafter referred to as the provincial SASAC) or other provincial departments (hereinafter referred to as the competent department) to perform the investor’s duties of state-owned or wholly-owned enterprises, state-owned holding enterprises.

Article　The person in charge of the provincial enterprises assessed in the present Measures refers to the members of the board of directors (excluding external directors and employee directors) managed by the party committee of the provincial party committee or the provincial SASAC and the party group (party committee) of the provincial department.

The board of directors of provincial enterprises shall, in accordance with the corporate governance structure of the company, establish and improve the performance appraisal system for senior managers based on the post target responsibility system.

Article 4　The person in charge of provincial enterprises shall follow the following principles in the performance evaluation:

(a) adhere to the quality first, benefit first. Firmly establish a new development concept, take the supply-side structural reform as the main line, vigorously promote innovation-driven development, accelerate the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development, continuously enhance the competitiveness, innovation, control, influence and risk resistance of the state-owned economy, and constantly strengthen and improve the state-owned capital.

(2) Adhere to the direction of marketization. Follow the laws of socialist market economy and enterprise development, improve the market-oriented operation mechanism, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, strengthen positive incentives and industry benchmarking, stimulate the vitality of enterprises, and accelerate the formation of domestic first-class enterprises with market competitiveness.

(3) Adhere to the law and regulations. Accurately grasp the regulatory boundaries of investors, perform the responsibilities of investors in accordance with laws and regulations, adhere to strengthening the supervision of state-owned assets mainly by managing capital, and effectively implement the responsibility of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets.

(4) Adhere to the organic unity of short-term goals and long-term development. Give full play to the leading role of enterprise strategy, combine annual assessment with term assessment, unify result assessment with process assessment, and actively build an assessment system based on current and long-term perspective.

(five) adhere to the classification assessment. Coordinate the economic, political and social responsibilities shouldered by provincial enterprises. According to the strategic positioning and development goals of state-owned capital, enterprises with different functions and categories should be highlighted with different assessment focuses, assessment indicators and weights should be set reasonably, and classified and differentiated assessments should be implemented.

(six) adhere to the close combination of incentives and constraints. Adhere to the unity of rights, responsibilities and interests, and establish a differentiated incentive and restraint mechanism that matches the way of selecting the person in charge of the enterprise, adapts to the functional nature of the enterprise, and is linked to business performance.

Article 5　The business performance of the person in charge of a provincial enterprise shall be assessed according to the year and term of office, and the assessment system linked with rewards and punishments shall be implemented. The annual and term business performance assessment shall be conducted by the way that the provincial SASAC, the competent department is mainly responsible for the person or its authorized representative and the chairman of the provincial enterprise or its authorized representative sign a letter of responsibility for business performance.

Chapter II Assessment Orientation

Article 6　Highlight efficiency, guide enterprises to accelerate the transformation of development mode, optimize resource allocation, continuously improve economic benefits, capital return level, labor output efficiency and value creation ability, and realize development with higher quality, better efficiency and better structure.

Article 7　Highlight reform and development, guide enterprises to improve the market-oriented operating mechanism, focus on the main business to strengthen the industry, accelerate structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading, focus on filling the shortcomings of development, actively cultivate new kinetic energy, and continuously improve the ability of coordinated and sustainable development.

Article 8　Highlight the drive of innovation, guide enterprises to adhere to independent innovation, increase investment in research and development, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and continuously enhance their core competitiveness.

Article 9　Highlight risk prevention and control, guide enterprises to guard against operational risks, reasonably control the level of assets and liabilities, and promote the sustained and healthy development of enterprises.

Article 10　Highlight social contributions, ensure the province’s economic and social stability, play an important role in developing forward-looking industries, and encourage enterprises to make more contributions in promoting and stabilizing employment, paying taxes and state-owned capital gains, tackling poverty and protecting the ecological environment.

Article 11　Highlight accountability, guide enterprises to make scientific decisions, operate in compliance with laws and regulations, guard against operational risks, prevent the loss of state-owned assets, and safeguard the security of state-owned capital.

Chapter III Classified Assessment

Article 12　According to the function definition and classification of state-owned enterprises, provincial enterprises are divided into commercial and public welfare categories. Among them, commercial enterprises are subdivided into commercial category I and commercial category II; According to the strategic position and development goal of state-owned capital, enterprises with different functions and categories should be highlighted with different assessment focuses, and the indicators and weights of business performance assessment should be set reasonably, and classified assessment should be implemented.

Article 13　For commercial first-class enterprises, the economic benefits, capital return level and market competitiveness of enterprises should be mainly assessed with the guidance of enhancing the vitality of state-owned economy, amplifying the functions of state-owned capital and realizing the preservation and appreciation of state-owned capital.

Article 14　For commercial second-class enterprises, while assessing the economic benefits, capital return level and market competitiveness of enterprises, we should strengthen the assessment and evaluation of the completion of specific functional tasks undertaken, and appropriately reduce the assessment weight of economic benefits indicators.

Article 15　For public welfare enterprises, adhere to the combination of economic benefits and social benefits, put social benefits in the first place, and focus on assessing the development level of core business, product and service quality, cost control, operational efficiency and support ability. Moderately reduce the assessment weight of economic benefit indicators.

Chapter IV Annual Operating Performance Assessment Indicators

Article 16　The annual business performance evaluation index consists of three parts: quality and benefit index, reform and development index and benchmarking evaluation.

(1) Quality and benefit indicators include total profit and economic added value. For commercial enterprises whose profit rate of operating income in the previous year was lower than the average level of the same industry in the same period of state-owned enterprises nationwide, increasing profit rate of operating income was taken as the third indicator.

The above indicators are calculated according to the consolidated statements of enterprise groups. Due to non-market factors such as administrative allocation and policy adjustment, the assets, profits and losses of the enterprise have undergone major changes, and they shall be adjusted according to the facts; If the expenditures that can be regarded as profits due to innovative investment in scientific and technological research and development, dealing with historical issues, staff training and recognition by the competent authorities affect the current benefits, they can be regarded as the total profits of the current period.

(2) The reform and development indicators refer to the key work and key task indicators of the enterprise in terms of internal industrial development, capital optimization and innovation breakthrough.

(3) Benchmarking evaluation consists of two parts: industry benchmarking performance evaluation and short-board indicator improvement evaluation.

Article 17　Differentiated assessment shall be carried out for different types of enterprises, different weights shall be given to the assessment contents of each part, and the comprehensive score of annual business performance assessment shall be calculated by weighted summary (see Annexes 1 and 2 for details).

Enterprises with heavy major special tasks and major reform tasks and in a period of major structural adjustment can appropriately reduce the weight of quality and efficiency indicators and increase the indicators of relevant special or reform tasks.

The fifth chapter term operating performance evaluation index

Article 18　The evaluation index of business performance during the term of office consists of three parts: quality and benefit index, evaluation of reform and development ability and application of annual evaluation results during the term of office.

(1) Quality and benefit indicators. The quality and benefit indicators of commercial enterprises include return on net assets, asset-liability ratio (deposit growth rate for financial enterprises) and the rate of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned capital.

The quality and benefit indicators of public welfare enterprises mainly assess the development level and quality of the core indicators of the main business of the enterprise, and the specific assessment indicators are selected and determined in combination with the nature of the main business of the enterprise and are clearly defined in the operating performance responsibility book. In principle, the assessment target value is determined by the fair and quantifiable average value released by the industry. If there is no industry average value, it can be clearly defined in combination with the actual situation of the enterprise, and the assessment index should not exceed 3 in principle.

(2) Evaluation of reform and development capacity. The evaluation of reform and development ability refers to the evaluation of the work measures and implementation effects of supply-side structural reform, capital structure optimization, innovation-driven development, corporate governance, internal control and risk prevention during the term of office of the board of directors in combination with the implementation of the enterprise development strategy.

(three) the use of the annual assessment results during the term of office. Based on the arithmetic average of the business performance assessment results of three years during the term of office, the score is calculated according to the weight of 10%.

Article 19　Differentiated assessment shall be carried out for different types of enterprises, different weights shall be given to the assessment contents of each part, and the annual assessment results shall be calculated by weighted summary (see Annexes 3 and 4 for details).

Enterprises with heavy major special tasks and major reform tasks and in a period of major structural adjustment can appropriately reduce the weight of quality and efficiency indicators and increase the indicators of relevant special or reform tasks.

Chapter VI Implementation of Business Performance Assessment

Article 20　The annual business performance assessment takes the Gregorian calendar year as the assessment period; The term of office performance assessment is 3 years.

Article 21　The contents of the responsibility book for operating performance shall be determined by the provincial SASAC or the competent department and provincial enterprises in accordance with the procedures (see Annex 5 for details).

Article 22　Establish a dynamic tracking system for the implementation of business performance objectives. The board of directors of the enterprise shall form a semi-annual operating performance analysis report in July each year against the assessment contents and report it to the provincial SASAC or the competent department, which shall give an early warning to the enterprises whose assessment targets are not satisfactory.

Article 23　Establish a reporting system for major events. The board of directors of a provincial enterprise shall report to the provincial SASAC or the competent department in a timely manner if it has a significant impact on its business performance due to the occurrence of major safety accidents and cyber security incidents, major environmental emergencies, major quality accidents, major asset losses, major legal disputes, major investment and financing, and asset restructuring.

Article 24　The business performance assessment shall be conducted in accordance with the following procedures:

(a) submit the assessment summary materials. At the end of the assessment period, the board of directors of the enterprise shall, according to the audited financial final accounts data, form a summary and analysis report on operating performance according to the contents of the responsibility book for operating performance and the assessment objectives, and submit it to the provincial SASAC or the competent department after deliberation and approval by the board of directors.

(two) the performance review to form an opinion. Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission or the competent department shall, on the basis of the audited financial final accounts report and special report of the enterprise, combine the summary and analysis report of the enterprise’s operating performance and the dynamic monitoring during the assessment period, assess the completion of the operating performance of the person in charge of the provincial enterprise, and form an assessment and reward and punishment opinion.

(three) the assessment opinions for feedback. Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) or the competent department will feedback the business performance evaluation opinions to the board of directors of provincial enterprises, and if there is any objection to the evaluation opinions, it can be reflected to the provincial SASAC or the competent department.

(four) determine the assessment results issued. Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) or the competent department issued the business performance assessment results to the board of directors of the enterprise.

Chapter VII Application of Assessment Results

Article 25　According to the scores of the business performance assessment of the heads of provincial enterprises, the final results of the annual and term business performance assessment are divided into four levels: A, B, C and D..

Article 26　Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission or the competent department shall calculate and determine the performance salary standard of the person in charge of the enterprise according to the annual and term business performance evaluation results, and implement rewards and punishments, specifically in accordance with the relevant provisions on the salary management of the person in charge of the provincial enterprise.

The results of business performance assessment are an important part of the comprehensive assessment of the leading bodies and members of provincial enterprises.

Article 27　If the person in charge of the enterprise has a grade D annual business performance assessment result for two consecutive years or a grade D term business performance assessment result, and there is no major objective reason, the person in charge of the enterprise who is directly responsible, the provincial SASAC or the competent department shall propose adjustment suggestions or make adjustments.

Article 28　Provincial enterprises have made remarkable achievements in innovation work, completed outstanding achievements in major special tasks of the provincial party committee and the provincial government and the provincial SASAC or the competent department, actively participated in society and made significant contributions, and awarded extra points for the annual or term business performance assessment of the person in charge of the enterprise as appropriate.

In case of major and above production safety accidents, major and above ecological and environmental incidents, violations of laws and regulations, financial fraud, and comprehensive management and stability (safe construction) accidents, which seriously affect the production and life order of enterprises or cause negative social impact, points shall be deducted for the annual or term business performance assessment of the person in charge of enterprises, and responsibility shall be investigated according to procedures and specific circumstances.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Article 29　For provincial enterprises without a board of directors, the performance evaluation of their leading members shall be implemented with reference to these measures.

The board of directors of provincial enterprises shall assess the operating performance of senior managers, and the results shall be submitted to the provincial SASAC or the competent department for the record.

Party committees of provincial enterprises assess the work of deputy party secretaries and trade union chairmen, and report the results to the provincial SASAC or the competent authorities for the record.

If there are other provisions on the assessment of the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee of provincial enterprises (the head of the Discipline Inspection and Supervision Team), such provisions shall prevail.

Article 30　Newly-established enterprises and enterprises with abnormal operations shall, according to the actual situation of enterprises, implement the "one enterprise, one policy" assessment, and the specific assessment items shall be specified in the responsibility book.

The newly established enterprise is an enterprise established less than half a year in the assessment year; An abnormal business enterprise is an enterprise in an abnormal business state during the period of judicial reorganization or special rectification.

Article 31　These Measures shall apply to provincial enterprises authorized by the provincial people’s government to perform the responsibilities of investors by the provincial SASAC and other provincial departments.

Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission entrusts provincial enterprises supervised by relevant provincial departments, and in accordance with the entrustment supervision agreement, the entrusted department may formulate measures for assessing the operating performance of the person in charge of the entrusted supervision enterprise with reference to these measures, and shall be responsible for organizing the implementation.

The provincial people’s government authorizes other provincial departments, institutions and social organizations to run enterprises, and the department (in charge) that performs the responsibilities of the investor shall formulate the methods for assessing the operating performance of the person in charge of the supervised enterprises with reference to these measures, and shall be responsible for organizing the implementation after reporting to the Provincial Department of Finance for the record.

Article 32　Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) supervises the performance evaluation of the person in charge of the provincial financial enterprises with reference to the implementation of the first-class commercial enterprises. If there are other provisions in laws, regulations or relevant documents and policies of the provincial party committee and government, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 33　These Measures shall be interpreted by the provincial SASAC and the Provincial Department of Finance.

Article 34　These Measures shall come into force as of September 1, 2020.

Attachment: 1. Detailed Rules for Scoring Annual Operating Performance Assessment

　　　2 annual reform and development indicators evaluation rules

　　　3. Detailed rules for the evaluation and scoring of operating performance during the term of office

　　　4. Evaluation rules for the reform and development ability during the term of office

　　　5. Contents and signing procedures of responsibility book for operating performance

　　　6. Description of relevant indicators for business performance assessment

　　　7 operating performance assessment score plus (deduction) sub rules

Annex 1

Scoring rules for annual business performance assessment

I. Comprehensive Scoring Formula for Annual Business Performance Assessment

According to the enterprise category classification score:

Commercial enterprises: comprehensive score of annual business performance assessment = quality and benefit index score ×50%+ reform and development index score ×30%+ benchmark evaluation score ×20%+∑ assessment plus points-∑ assessment minus points.

Among them, the comprehensive score of the annual business performance assessment of the second-class commercial enterprises undertaking specific functions and tasks = quality and efficiency index score ×40%+ reform and development index score ×30%+ benchmark evaluation score ×30%+∑ assessment plus points-∑ assessment deduction points.

Public welfare enterprises: comprehensive score of annual business performance assessment = quality and benefit index score ×20%+ reform and development index score ×30%+ benchmark evaluation score ×50%+∑ assessment plus points-∑ assessment minus points.

Two, the annual operating performance evaluation index score

(a) the quality and efficiency index score (calculated by percentage system)

Quality and benefit index score = total profit score (60%)+ economic added value score (40%)

Among them, if the profit rate of commercial enterprises’ operating income in the previous year was lower than the industry average, the quality and benefit index score = total profit score (60%)+ economic added value score (30%)+ operating income profit rate score (10%).

1. The total profit takes the annual target number determined by the board of directors of the enterprise as the assessment target, and the assessment target should be connected with the financial budget, and scored according to the difference between the target value and the benchmark value.

Based on the weighted average of the enterprise’s completed value in the first three years (calculated according to the weight of the completed value in the previous year accounting for 60%, the second year accounting for 30%, and the third year accounting for 10%) and the actual completed value in the previous year, which is the greater value is the benchmark value.

The completion value is divided into three grades. When the total profit is positive, the score range of this indicator is 42-72 points. When the total profit is negative, the score range of this indicator is 36-66 points. The score is calculated as follows:

2. The economic added value is the weighted average of the completed value in the first three years of the enterprise (calculated according to the weight of the completed value in the first year accounting for 60%, the second year accounting for 30% and the third year accounting for 10%) and the actual completed number in the previous year, that is, the scoring benchmark value, and the score is calculated according to the completion ratio.

When the completion value is positive, the scoring formula is: score = completion value/target value × weight (where when the target value is not positive and the completion value is positive, the weight ×1.2 score is obtained directly); The index is overfulfilled, with a maximum weight of ×0.2; Unfinished, the maximum deduction weight ×0.4 score; When the completion value is positive, the score interval of this indicator is weight ×0.6— weight ×1.2.

When the completion value is not positive, the weight of the completion target value is ×0.9 (where when the target value is positive and the completion value is not positive, the weight is ×0.5 directly); If the index is overfulfilled, the maximum weight shall be 0.1 (exceeding the target value by 20% or more); Incomplete, points will be deducted according to the proportion of unfinished, and the maximum weight will be deducted by 0.4 (50% or more below the target value); If the completion value is not positive, the score interval of this indicator is weight ×0.5— weight score.

3. The profit rate of operating income above the annual completion value is the benchmark value, reaching the industry average level and getting 10 points. If there is improvement over the previous year, the score will be calculated according to the degree of improvement, and if there is no improvement, the score will not be scored.

For commercial enterprises whose profit rate index of operating income in the previous year was greater than the industry average, the profit rate index of operating income was not included in the assessment.

(two) the reform and development index score (calculated in percentage system)

Reform and development index score = reform and development index 1 score+reform and development index 2 score+reform and development index 3 score+reform and development index 4 score+reform and development index 5 score+reform and development index 6 score.

The reform and development indicators are assessed and scored according to the indicators signed by the annual performance responsibility book and the completion situation. The specific indicators and weights are clearly defined in the responsibility book.

(three) the benchmark evaluation score (calculated in percentage system)

Benchmarking evaluation score = industry benchmarking performance evaluation score (80%)+ short board indicator improvement evaluation score (20%)

1. The industry benchmarking performance evaluation is scored by comparing the six main financial performance indicators (return on net assets, return on total assets, turnover rate of total assets, turnover rate of accounts receivable, asset-liability ratio, sales [business] growth rate) reflecting the profitability, asset quality, debt risk and business growth of enterprises with the standard values of performance evaluation of enterprises in the same industry published by the State Council SASAC in the same period. The score of quantitative evaluation of financial performance is calculated by percentage system. For the specific content of the target, refer to the Interim Measures for the Administration of Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Central Enterprises (Order No.14 of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council) and its implementation rules to reasonably determine the weight and indicate it in the letter of responsibility.

When the index reaches the excellent level of the industry, get 100% score; If the index reaches a good level in the industry, 80% will be scored; If the index reaches the industry average, score 60%; If the index reaches the lower level of the industry, it will get 40% points; If the index reaches the poor level of the industry, score 30%; If it is lower than the poor level of the industry, it will get a score of 20%, and if it is between the two levels, it will be calculated by the difference method.

For multi-industry enterprises, if the benchmark financial basic data such as assets and income of a business segment can be calculated separately, and account for more than 30% of the total assets and income of the group enterprise, the corresponding industry standard values of no more than three business segments can be selected for evaluation respectively, and weighted summary can be made to form evaluation scores. If the business sector cannot be divided separately, the standard values of ten categories of the national economy or the standard values of the whole industry of state-owned enterprises can be directly selected for evaluation.

For the second-class commercial enterprises undertaking specific functional tasks, benchmarking evaluation can be carried out in combination with the specific task quantity and completion, but the maximum score weight of the evaluation of the completion of functional tasks does not exceed 50% of the benchmark evaluation weight, and the specific indicators (in principle, no more than two) and weights are specified in the responsibility book.

Public welfare enterprises can be scored against the six standard values (return on net assets, return on total assets, turnover rate of total assets, turnover rate of accounts receivable, asset-liability ratio and growth rate of sales [business]) of performance evaluation of enterprises in the same industry announced by the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and can also be scored against the development level and quality of core indicators of main business in the same industry in China.

Financial enterprises shall be evaluated and scored in accordance with the Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Printing and Distributing the Measures for Performance Evaluation of Financial Enterprises (Caijin [2016] No.35).

If the standard value of financial performance is not used for benchmarking evaluation, the scoring rules shall be stipulated separately in the letter of responsibility.

2. Evaluation of improvement of short-board indicators 1-2 indicators are determined according to the specific situation of the enterprise for quantitative evaluation.

The score of short-board indicators is based on the completed value of the previous year. If there is improvement compared with the previous year, it will be scored according to the degree of improvement. If there is no improvement, it will not be scored. The specific indicators and weights are clearly defined in the responsibility book.

Third, the assessment and grading

The corresponding relationship between the comprehensive score of annual business performance assessment and the level is:

Grade A: Grade A ≥90, and the comprehensive evaluation opinions of the annual party committee secretary on the debriefing of grassroots party building or the assessment results of party style and clean government construction are "good" or "qualified" or above, and the return on net assets (the core index of the main business of public welfare enterprises) is ≥ the average level of the same industry;

Grade B: Grade B ≥75 points;

Grade C: 75 points > Grade C ≥60 points;

Grade d: 60 points > grade d ≥0 points.

Annex 2

Detailed Rules for Evaluation of Annual Reform and Development Indicators

Taking high-quality development as the core, combined with the functional orientation, industry characteristics and business characteristics of provincial enterprises, "one enterprise and one policy" determines the assessment indicators and weights, guides enterprises to implement new development concepts, changes development methods, implements innovation-driven, strengthens risk management and control, and realizes high-quality and sustainable development.

At the beginning of the year, by the board of directors of provincial enterprises in accordance with these rules, combined with the annual production and operation plan and strategic planning, around the aspects of industrial development, capital optimization, innovation breakthrough, etc., put forward the recommended values of the evaluation indicators of the enterprise’s reform and development, and the evaluation indicators of reform and development should not exceed six in principle, which will be included in the annual operating performance responsibility book or listed separately as an assessment annex after being examined and confirmed by the competent department. After the end of the year, the board of directors of the enterprise analyzes and summarizes the completion of the reform and development assessment indicators, forms a Summary and Analysis Report on the Completion of the Reform and Development Assessment Indicators, and submits it to the competent department. The competent department shall evaluate and score the completion of the annual reform and development indicators of the board of directors according to the summary and analysis report submitted by the enterprise and the daily work (100% system).

Industrial development indicators: including but not limited to supply-side structural reform, transformation and upgrading, development of new industries, key tasks and major projects assigned by the provincial party Committee and government and competent departments.

Capital structure optimization indicators: including but not limited to mixed ownership reform, asset securitization, and leverage reduction (asset-liability ratio).

Innovation breakthrough: including but not limited to innovation investment, innovation projects, innovation achievement transformation and other indicators in scientific and technological innovation, management innovation and mode innovation.

Annex 3

Detailed Rules for Scoring Performance Assessment of Term of Office

First, the comprehensive scoring formula for term performance evaluation

Comprehensive score of term business performance assessment = quality and benefit index score ×60%+ reform and development ability evaluation score ×30%+ year.

Degree of operating performance assessment results using x 10%+sigma assessment points-sigma assessment points.

Second, the term business performance evaluation index score

(a) the quality and efficiency index score (calculated by percentage system)

Quality and benefit index score of commercial enterprises = return on net assets score+maintenance and appreciation rate score of state-owned capital+asset-liability ratio score (financial enterprises score for deposit growth rate)

The basic scores of the return on net assets, the rate of preservation and appreciation of state-owned capital and the asset-liability ratio (deposit growth rate of financial enterprises) are 50 points, 30 points and 20 points respectively, and the arithmetic average of the three-year completion values of the return on net assets and the rate of preservation and appreciation of state-owned capital during the term of office has reached the three-year arithmetic average of five grades of the same industry standard values of "excellent", "good", "average", "low" and "poor" in the same period. In the last year, if the asset-liability ratio reaches five grades of the standard value of the same industry, namely "excellent", "good", "average", "low" and "poor", the score shall be calculated according to the coefficients of 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.8 and 0.6 of the basic score respectively. Those who exceed the "excellent" value will be scored according to the basic score of 120%, and those who are lower than the poor value will be scored according to the basic score of 20%. If the completion value is between the upper and lower grades, the score shall be calculated according to the difference method.

Assessment score of quality and benefit indicators of public welfare enterprises = goal 1 score+goal 2 score+goal 3 score.

The evaluation of quality and benefit indicators of public welfare enterprises takes the average value of similar indicators in the same industry in the same period as the target value, that is, the scoring benchmark value. According to the importance of assessment indicators, the basic scores are 50 points, 30 points and 20 points respectively. If the assessment target is basically scored, and the assessment indicators reach five grades of "excellent", "good", "average", "low" and "poor" of the same industry standard value in the same period, the scores shall be calculated according to the coefficients of 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.8 and 0.6 of the basic score respectively. Those who exceed the "excellent" value are scored according to the basic score of 120%, and those who are lower than the poor value are scored according to the basic score of 20%. If the completion value is between the upper and lower grades, the score shall be calculated according to the difference method.

(two) the reform and development ability evaluation score (calculated in percentage system)

It mainly evaluates the measures and implementation effects of supply-side structural reform, capital structure optimization, innovation-driven development, corporate governance, internal control and risk prevention during the term of office of the person in charge of the enterprise.

(3) Application of the results of the annual business performance assessment (calculated by percentage system)

The score is calculated by the arithmetic mean of the results of the business performance assessment in the three years during the term of office. If the term of office is less than three years, the score is calculated by the actual arithmetic mean of the year during the term of office, and if it exceeds 100 points, it will be counted as 100 points.

Third, the assessment and grading

The corresponding relationship between the comprehensive score of term business performance assessment and the level is:

Grade A: Grade A ≥90 points, and the comprehensive evaluation opinions of the Party committee secretary’s evaluation and assessment of grass-roots party construction in two years during his term of office or the assessment results of party style and clean government construction are all "good" or "qualified" or above, and the return on net assets (the core index of the main business of public welfare enterprises) in at least two years is ≥ the average level of the same industry;

Grade B: Grade B ≥75 points;

Grade C: 75 points > Grade C ≥60 points;

Grade d: 60 points > grade d ≥0 points.

Annex 4

Detailed rules for evaluating the ability of reform and development during the term of office

According to the requirements of high-quality development, focusing on enhancing the competitiveness, innovation, control, influence and anti-risk ability of the state-owned economy, combined with the strategic planning of enterprises, this paper evaluates the measures and achievements of promoting enterprise reform and development during the term of office of the board of directors of enterprises from five aspects: supply-side structural reform, capital structure optimization, innovation-driven development, corporate governance, internal control and risk prevention, so as to promote the board of directors of enterprises to stand on the present and focus on the long-term, continuously improve the quality and efficiency of enterprise development, and enhance enterprises.

At the beginning of the term of office, the board of directors of an enterprise shall, according to the functional nature and development strategy of the enterprise, formulate the Key Work Plan for the Reform and Development of the Board of Directors, including but not limited to the objectives, tasks, main measures, schedule and expected results, and submit it to the competent department, which will load it into the responsibility book of the term of office operating performance or list it as an assessment annex after examination and confirmation. At the end of the term, the board of directors of the enterprise forms a Summary and Analysis Report on the Key Work of the Reform and Development of the Board of Directors in light of the Key Work Plan for the Reform and Development of the Board of Directors’ Term and the responsibility book for operating performance, and submits it to the competent department, which evaluates and scores the reform and development of the board of directors in accordance with the summary and analysis report of the board of directors of the enterprise and the daily situation (100-point system).

I. Supply-side structural reform (weight 20%)

(1) Implementing the phased tasks of reform: including removing production capacity, "dealing with difficulties", reducing management levels, divesting social functions, and solving problems left over from history.

(2) Improving the quality of main business development: including all kinds of enterprises speeding up the transformation and upgrading of dominant traditional main businesses, commercial enterprises focusing on improving the quality and efficiency of development, and striving to achieve a return on net assets and an asset-liability ratio above the average level of the same industry; Public welfare enterprises strive to improve the supply capacity of public goods and service quality and efficiency, and strive to achieve the core indicators of their main business above the industry average.

(3) Optimizing the industrial product structure: It includes all kinds of enterprises, according to their functional orientation, actively adjusting their structure based on their own advantages and core technologies while developing their existing main businesses, developing new products and industries that meet the enterprise strategy and have market demand, and doing a good job in risk prevention and control of new products and industries.

Second, the capital structure optimization (weight 20%)

(1) Equity diversification: the plan, work schedule, safeguard measures and expected results of realizing equity diversification at all levels of enterprises and steadily developing mixed ownership economy;

(2) Listing or overall listing of enterprises: the plan, work schedule, safeguard measures and expected results of listing of enterprises.

Third, innovation-driven development (weight 20%)

(1) Innovation investment: including the growth level of investment in scientific and technological innovation, etc.;

(2) Innovation mechanism: including enterprise system reform, enterprise innovation talent construction, business model innovation effect, etc.;

(3) Innovative achievements: including the acquisition of major invention patents, awards for scientific and technological progress, and the transformation of innovative achievements.

IV. Corporate Governance (Weight 20%)

(1) Operating mechanism: including the division of functions and powers of the board of directors, the board of supervisors and the managers of the company, the effective operation of the board of directors and the situation of managing enterprises according to law, etc.;

(2) Decision-making efficiency of the board of directors: including the formulation and implementation of enterprise strategy, the scientific demonstration and implementation effect of major projects, the major deviation between enterprise financial budget and implementation, the authenticity and reliability of enterprise financial final accounts, the rectification and implementation of problems revealed by audit inspections, etc.;

(3) Group management and control level: including reasonable control of enterprise management level, reasonable definition of management boundary and authority of parent-subsidiary company, etc.

V. Internal control and risk prevention (weight 20%)

(1) System construction: including the construction of internal control system and risk management and control system;

(2) System implementation: including the operation status of internal control and risk management and control, etc.;

(3) System effect: including the effect of enterprise’s comprehensive risk prevention, etc.

Annex 5

Contents and signing procedures of responsibility book for business performance

I. Contents of Responsibility Letter for Operating Performance

(a) the name of the assessment and the assessed party;

(2) Assessment contents and indicators;

(3) Assessment, rewards and punishments;

(four) the rights and responsibilities of both parties;

(5) Alteration, rescission and termination of the responsibility letter;

(six) other matters that need to be agreed.

Second, the operating performance responsibility book signing procedures

(a) submit the assessment objectives and suggestions. At the beginning of the assessment, the board of directors of provincial enterprises shall, in accordance with these measures and the requirements of the competent department for business performance assessment, submit the suggested values of assessment objectives and necessary explanatory materials during the assessment period to the competent department after deliberation and approval by the board of directors.

(two) determine the assessment content. The competent department shall review the proposed assessment target value put forward by the enterprise, and determine the assessment target value and related contents after communicating with the board of directors of the enterprise.

(three) the annual (term) business performance responsibility letter signed with the assessed party.

Annex 6

Description of relevant indicators for business performance assessment

First, the annual target assessment indicators

(1) Total profit refers to the total profit in the annual profit statement of the group enterprise, plus the sum of the deemed profits. The basic data is taken from the consolidated Income Statement. This indicator assesses the annual operating results of the enterprise.

(2) Economic Value Added (EVA) refers to the balance of net operating profit after tax minus the cost of capital. Data are taken from Balance Sheet, Income Statement and related financial statements. This index evaluates the ability of enterprises to create value by using shareholder capital and debt capital.

Economic added value = net operating profit after tax-cost of capital

Cost of capital = adjusted capital × average cost rate of capital

Net operating profit after tax = net profit+(interest expense+R&D expense adjustment item) ×(1- enterprise income tax rate)

Adjusted capital = average owner’s equity+average total liabilities-average interest-free current liabilities-average construction in progress

Interest expense refers to "interest expense" under "cost expense" in enterprise financial statements.

The adjustment item of R&D expenses refers to "R&D expenses" under "cost expenses" in enterprise financial statements.

Interest-free current liabilities refer to notes payable and accounts payable, advance receipts, taxes payable, employee salaries payable, other payables and other current liabilities (excluding other interest-bearing current liabilities) in the financial statements of enterprises. For "long-term payables" and "special reserve funds", they can be deducted as interest-free current liabilities.

Construction in progress refers to the "construction in progress" in the financial statements of enterprises.

The capital cost ratio of commercial enterprises is determined to be 4%.

The capital cost ratio of commercial second-class enterprises is determined to be 3.5%.

The capital cost ratio of public welfare enterprises is determined to be 3%.

If the asset-liability ratio exceeds the control standard set by the competent department, the capital cost ratio will rise by 0.5%; Every time it exceeds the control standard of the competent department by 5%, it will rise by 1%.

If assets reorganization, major policy changes, force majeure and incomparable factors have a significant impact on the assessment of economic added value of enterprises during the assessment period, they shall be adjusted according to the facts.

(III) The profit rate of operating income refers to the ratio of the operating profit in the annual consolidated Income Statement of the Group divided by the total operating income.

Second, the term target assessment indicators

(a) the return on net assets refers to the arithmetic average of the return on net assets in three years during the term of office. The annual return on net assets is calculated by dividing the annual net profit of the enterprise by the average net assets of the current year, and the data is taken from the consolidated Balance Sheet and Income Statement of the enterprise every year during the term of office. Excluding minority shareholders’ equity and profit and loss.

Term ROE = sum of ROE of three years /3

Annual return on net assets = annual net profit/annual average net assets ×100%

(2) The rate of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned capital refers to the arithmetic average of the rate of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned capital in three years during the term of office. Divide the balance attributable to state owners’ equity at the end of each year by the equity attributable to state owners at the beginning of the year after deducting the objective increase and decrease factors that occurred during the year. The data are taken from the Statement of Changes in Owners’ Equity, the Statement of Changes in State-owned Assets and the explanatory materials for the verification of the preservation and appreciation of state-owned capital.

The rate of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned capital during the term of office = the sum of the rates of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned capital in three years /3

Annual state-owned capital preservation and appreciation rate = state-owned capital at the end of the year/state-owned capital at the beginning of the year after deducting the influence of objective factors ×100%.

(three) the asset-liability ratio refers to the level of assets and liabilities in the last year of the term of office. Divide the total liabilities by the total assets in the last year of the term of office, and the data will be taken at the end of the last year of the term of office.

Term asset-liability ratio = asset-liability ratio at the end of the last year of term.

(four) the deposit growth rate of financial enterprises refers to the arithmetic average of the deposit growth rate of three years during the term of office. Divide the new deposits each year during the term by the deposits at the beginning of the year. Data are taken from the Balance Sheet and Income Statement of each term.

Term deposit growth rate = sum of three annual deposit growth rates /3

(V) Target indicators of public welfare enterprises Select business core indicators according to the nature of the enterprise’s main business, and specify them in the responsibility book after confirmation. In principle, there are no more than three assessment indicators.

Annex 7

Detailed Rules for Adding (Deducting) the Score of Business Performance Assessment

First, on the basis of the annual and term assessment scores, if the enterprise has the following matters during the assessment period, it will directly reward the annual or term assessment with extra points, and the extra points will not be restricted by other provisions in these Measures, and the total extra points for the annual and term will not exceed 10 points respectively.

(A) provincial enterprises have made significant achievements in innovation.

1 enterprises won the first, second and third prizes of national scientific and technological progress in the year, with 4, 3 and 2 points respectively; Won the first, second and third prizes for scientific and technological progress in Yunnan Province, with an annual score of 2, 1 and 0.5 respectively; The same award is subject to the highest award; The term of office is halved.

2 enterprises won the national quality award in the year, plus 2 points in the year; Won the provincial and ministerial quality award, the annual plus 0.5-1 points; The same award is subject to the highest award; The term of office is halved.

(two) to complete the major special tasks assigned by the provincial government and the competent department.

1 to complete the major special tasks assigned by the provincial government and the competent department, depending on the situation, add 1-3 points annually.

2 to complete the listing task (except those that have been included in the assessment of reform and development indicators), depending on the situation, add 1-2 points each year.

(3) Actively participate in society and make significant contributions.

1. If the tax payable by the enterprise in that year exceeds 1 billion yuan, add 1 point for the year; More than 2 billion yuan, plus 2 points per year; More than 3 billion yuan, plus 3 points per year.

2 annual state-owned capital operating income turned over to the top 3, plus 2 points.

3 enterprises to promote employment of more than 50 thousand people and above, plus 1 points a year; If the enterprise drives the employment of more than 100,000 people and above, 2 points will be added annually; If the enterprise drives the employment of more than 200,000 people and above, add 3 points for the year.

4 enterprises in poverty alleviation work outstanding achievements, commended by the provincial government, depending on the circumstances of the year plus 1-2 points.

(4) Other matters.

1. The annual Party committee secretary of the enterprise pays attention to the comprehensive evaluation opinions of the grass-roots party building debriefing assessment, which is characterized as "good" year plus 5 points, and is characterized as "better" year plus 2 points; The term of office shall be calculated according to the arithmetic average of bonus points in each year during the term of office.

2. If the return on net assets of the enterprise in that year exceeds the national excellent level in the same industry, 2 points will be added for the year; More than 1 times the national excellent level of the same industry, plus 4 points each year.

3. If the domestic credit rating of an enterprise is maintained at AAA or the original rating is lower than AA+ and upgraded to AA+ and above, add 3-5 points annually; The term of office is halved.

4 other points identified by the competent department, depending on the circumstances of the year plus 1-5 points; The term of office is halved.

Second, on the basis of the annual and term assessment scores, if the enterprise has the following matters during the assessment period, the annual or term assessment score will be deducted or downgraded, and the points will not be restricted by other provisions in these Measures. The total points deducted for the annual and term are not more than 10 points respectively.

(1) Safety accidents and environmental incidents

In case of major and above production safety accidents, major and above ecological and environmental incidents and serious quality accidents, 1-10 points will be deducted or the assessment level will be directly lowered; The term of office is halved.

(B) financial fraud

If an enterprise violates the Accounting Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and other relevant laws, regulations and rules, falsely reports or conceals its financial status, and it is found that it has caused significant adverse effects or losses of state-owned assets, it will be deducted 5-10 points depending on the situation or directly reduce the assessment level; The term of office is halved.

(C) Comprehensive management of stability (safe construction) responsibility events

Enterprises have major letters and visits, comprehensive management and stability (safe construction) responsibility events, which seriously affect the production and life order of enterprises or cause negative social impact, depending on the situation, 1-10 points will be deducted annually or the assessment level will be directly reduced; The term of office is halved.

(4) Violation of laws and regulations

1. If the legal representative of the enterprise or the relevant person in charge violates the national laws, regulations, articles of association and management regulations, resulting in the loss of state-owned assets, 1-10 points will be deducted annually or the assessment level will be directly lowered; The term of office is halved.

2. If the person in charge of the enterprise has a major violation of discipline and law, 1-10 points will be deducted annually or the assessment level will be directly reduced; The term of office is halved.

(five) illegal decision-making and indiscriminate investment caused the loss of state-owned assets.

If the person in charge of the enterprise makes illegal decisions and invests indiscriminately, it will be deducted 1-10 points each year depending on the situation; The term of office is halved.

(6) Other matters.

1. The annual party committee secretary of the enterprise grasps the comprehensive evaluation opinions of the grass-roots party building debriefing appraisal, which is characterized as "general" and deducted 3 points for "poor" years; The term of office is calculated according to the arithmetic average of deduction points in each year during the term of office.

2. Deduct 4 points for the year of "basically qualified" and 5 points for the year of "unqualified"; The term of office is halved.

3. In the enterprise year, due to the wage payment of migrant workers, unexpected events occur or are punished by the relevant departments of the state, province and province, etc., depending on the situation, 1-10 points will be deducted or the assessment level will be directly reduced; The term of office is halved.

4. If the key tasks arranged by the provincial party committee, the provincial government or the provincial SASAC and the competent department are poorly completed, 1-10 points will be deducted annually or the assessment level will be directly reduced; The term of office is halved.

5. If the enterprise fails to turn over the operating income of state-owned capital in full within the specified time, or the difference between the budgeted amount and the actual turned-over amount is quite large, 1-5 points will be deducted as the case may be.

6. Deduct 3-5 points for the year when the domestic credit rating of the enterprise declines; The term of office is halved.

7 state-owned holding enterprises have the conditions for profit distribution, but they have not made profit distribution or the distribution ratio is lower than that stipulated in the state-owned budget for wholly state-owned enterprises, and the annual deduction is 0.5-1 point.

8 other points identified by the competent department, depending on the circumstances of the annual deduction of 1-10 points or directly reduce the assessment level; The term of office is halved.

Building a unified national carbon market and building a zero-carbon financial framework

Under the background of "double carbon" goal, finance plays a key role in carbon neutral transformation. Carbon market is the link between green finance and the realization of "double carbon" goal, and the construction of a unified national carbon trading market cannot be separated from financial support.

Recently, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a National Unified Market" pointed out that "cultivating and developing a national unified ecological environment market." "Build a unified national trading market for carbon emission rights and water rights, and implement unified and standardized industry standards and trading supervision mechanisms."

How can green finance help achieve the goal of "double carbon"? What other standards and regulatory mechanisms need to be improved? In this regard, many insiders interviewed by 21st century business herald believe that the development of green finance still faces many challenges, including the need to unify the standard system of green finance, the need to further optimize the financing structure of green finance, the need to improve the infrastructure of the stock market of green finance, and the financial risks in the green transformation.

Recently, at the "2022 Tsinghua Wudaokou Global Financial Forum", Wang xin, director of the Research Bureau of the People’s Bank of China, said that financial support for ecological environment and green low-carbon transformation mainly involves six aspects, including improving relevant standard systems, improving accounting and information disclosure requirements, deepening the development of relevant financial instruments and markets, strengthening incentive and restraint mechanisms, strengthening international cooperation in financial support for ecological environment and low-carbon transformation, and preventing financial risks of climate change and biodiversity loss.

At the above-mentioned forum, Zhu Min, president of Tsinghua University National Finance Research Institute and former vice president of the International Monetary Fund, proposed to "build zero-carbon finance in China". Zhu Min believes that in the process of developing green finance to zero-carbon finance, a new financial model that fundamentally changes China’s economic structure and economic form is needed, and calls for the construction of a structural monetary policy consistent with carbon neutrality.

Under the tide of carbon neutrality, it is a great challenge to serve the real economy and carbon neutrality, and it is also an opportunity and a starting point for China to build a new China model financial system in the process of carbon neutrality. Vision china

Since 2016, the Bank of China has explored and formed a green financial system with green financial standard system, environmental information disclosure framework, green financial incentive and restraint mechanism, green financial products and services system and green financial international cooperation as its "five pillars" by giving full play to the "three functions" of financial support for green development.

However, in Zhu Min’s view, a new financial model that fundamentally changes our economic structure and economic ecology is needed to support the carbon neutrality of the whole economy from the narrow sense of environmental protection to the fundamental zero carbon.

Under the tide of carbon neutrality, it is a great challenge to serve the real economy and carbon neutrality, and it is also an opportunity and a starting point for China to build a new China model financial system in the process of carbon neutrality. Zhu Min believes that China’s financial industry should seize this opportunity and build its own zero-carbon financial system in the process of supporting the real economy.

Zhu Min further stated that the Bank of China should construct a structural monetary policy of China model consistent with carbon neutrality. That is to say, in the traditional macro-policy, we should accelerate the structural tools and policies of carbon neutrality, correct market mistakes through non-neutral price-based and quantitative monetary policies, correct the distortion of the relative price of the financial system, support the transformation of carbon neutrality, and maximize social utility.

In fact, the structural tools mentioned by Zhu Min have practical experience in China’s financial supervision. In 2021, the Bank of China launched a carbon emission reduction support tool and a special refinancing to support clean and efficient use of coal.

In addition, He Ping, vice president of Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management and head of the finance department, believes that to realize market-oriented green finance, a unified carbon market needs to be established, and all carbon-related things need to be priced uniformly. All enterprises that adopt green emission technologies, the gains from emission reduction should be directly reflected in the financing cost and the financial services and products they are using.

He Ping explained that green finance is a "market-oriented means" to achieve the goal of double carbon. From the definition of strict marketization, green financial products, including green loans and green bonds, are quasi-financial products at present, because the pricing inside is not market-oriented. He believes that this is the place where the green financial market needs to be improved most in the future.

As one of the "five pillars" of the central bank’s green financial system, green financial standards are the key link in the top-level design of green financial policy system, and the identification caliber of green projects is an important link in the formulation of green financial standards.

In recent years, China has continuously promoted the construction of green financial standard system.

In April 2021, the Central Bank of China, the National Development and Reform Commission and the China Securities Regulatory Commission jointly issued the Catalogue of Projects Supported by Green Bonds (2021 Edition), which came into effect on July 1, 2021, unifying the scope of supported projects and gradually realizing the convergence of domestic and international standards and norms, which is conducive to promoting the further development of green bonds.

In the same year, the People’s Bank of China also issued the first batch of green financial standards, including two industry standards, namely "Guide to Environmental Information Disclosure of Financial Institutions" and "Environmental equity finance Tool", which started the preparation of China’s green financial standards and filled the gaps in green financial industry standards in related fields.

However, the industry generally believes that under the existing green or sustainable financial system, the definition standards and disclosure requirements of green and sustainable finance are not clear enough.

"Financial institutions still cannot clearly identify the’ transformation’ activities in economic activities and high-carbon or’ brown’ activities." In an exclusive interview with 21st century business herald, Ma Jun, director of the Green Finance Committee of the Chinese Finance Association and president of the Beijing Institute of Green Finance and Sustainable Development, said that some financial institutions were "afraid" to provide financial services for the transformation activities due to the above reasons.

Ma Jun suggested that the regulatory authorities should take the lead in formulating a transitional financial framework, and give clear requirements and guidance in terms of transitional standards, disclosure requirements and incentives. He also put forward five elements that a transitional financial system should have: defining transitional activities; Clarify how to disclose transformation activities; Clarify the financial support tools for transformation; Incentive mechanism and ensuring fair transformation.

In addition, the investment and financing structure of China’s green finance needs to be improved. Recently, "China Investment Development Report (2022)" from China Jiantou pointed out that China is a country with indirect financing, and green credit accounts for 90% of the total scale of green financial products in China, and there is an imbalance in the development of green finance. It is necessary to establish a more diversified green financial system in the future.

Wind statistics show that among the new green financing in China from 2018 to 2020, green credit accounts for 90%, while green bonds and green equity financing account for 7% and 3% respectively. Whether in green financial projects and standards or products and services, green trust, green insurance and green financial leasing are still relatively few.

Zhang Zhiqian, director of China Jiantou Investment Research Institute, told 21st century business herald that compared with mature market countries, the proportion of green bonds in green financing in China is low, and there is still great room for development in the future.

Zhang Zhiqian further stated that to develop green finance and promote green economic transformation, it is necessary to establish a diversified green financial system, which is far from enough by the spontaneous power of the market and financial institutions alone, but also requires the financial industry regulatory authorities to actively play the role of macro-control and guidance.

Information disclosure of financial institutions is also regarded as the key to green finance by the industry.

"International competition has actually begun in the standard disclosure rules, because everyone realizes that this is the most important formulation of new global rules since the industrial revolution. Whoever occupies the commanding heights of the rules will occupy the future. This is also global competition, and at the same time, building a global capital market in the process supports the entire carbon-neutral transformation." Zhu Min said.

After five years’ efforts, TCFD has constructed a set of disclosure suggestions, including corporate strategy, corporate governance, risk management, indicators and objectives, and put forward a series of principles and suggestions on corporate disclosure in response to climate change and carbon-neutral transformation in many aspects. Now there are more than 2,600 response standards, which are ready to be implemented according to this standard, so disclosure is ahead.

Recently, the Task Force on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), initiated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and composed of 35 financial institutions and enterprises, has formulated and published the Nature-Related Financial Information Disclosure Framework (Beta).

Different from TNFD framework, TCFD only helps organizations to identify and report climate-related risks, excluding other risks in the natural environment such as biodiversity, while TNFD framework includes biological nature, water, soil and air, and mineral consumption related to other aspects of nature.

China’s Environmental Information Disclosure Guide for Financial Institutions clearly covers four types of institutions: commercial banks, asset management institutions, trust companies and insurance companies, and encourages financial institutions to disclose environmental information at least once a year. The Bank of China suggested that disclosure should be carried out according to the needs of green financial products, but did not mention the specific time of environmental information disclosure of financial institutions.

In recent years, China has carried out a series of pilot projects on environmental information disclosure of financial institutions, and achieved remarkable results. Some pilot areas have achieved full disclosure of environmental information of financial institutions within their jurisdiction.

For example, the pilot work of environmental information disclosure of financial institutions in Greater Bay Area, which was launched at the beginning of last year, made a qualitative and quantitative analysis report on the environmental-related governance structure, policy system, risks and opportunities, environmental impact of investment and financing activities, green financial innovation and other contents of 13 corporate banking institutions in eight cities in the region by compiling the Environmental Information Disclosure Report, which covered a large number of small and medium-sized financial institutions and accumulated effective experience for comprehensively promoting environmental information disclosure of financial institutions. In addition, by means of financial technology, Chongqing released the 2020 Climate and Environmental Information Disclosure Report of 71 financial institutions in 38 districts and counties through the Internet platform such as "Yangtze River Green Finance Big Data Integrated Service System". (Intern Cao Ying also contributed)

For more information, please download 21 Finance APP.

Reporting/feedback

Zhiji LS6 debuted at the Chengdu Auto Show, pre-sold 23-300,000, and orders exceeded 6,000 in 8 hours

After and LS7, Zhiji’s third model, LS6, was unveiled and opened for pre-sale. The pre-sale price was 23-300,000 yuan. According to the news given by the manufacturer, the order of 6000 vehicles was obtained after 8 hours of pre-sale, and the data is still rising. To be honest, the number of reservations during the auto show does not have absolute real significance, but compared with LS7, LS6 does have a price advantage. With the help of the accumulated branding impression, I think it will become the best-selling Zhiji model in the future.

The positioning is medium and large, with a body size of 4904/1988/1669mm and a wheelbase of 2950mm, and a more youthful backslide design is adopted, which makes the side of the body look more dynamic and smooth, and the connection between the roof and the body is also more natural. The bright black trim below also enhances the fullness of the side, and the wheel hub adopts a petal shape with new energy characteristics.

Although the body is more dynamic, the front face design of the Zhiji LS6 is still relatively restrained. The shape on both sides of the closed middle net only highlights some sports elements like a dragonfly, and the wide black heat dissipation port below does not have too many quirky designs. The headlight group continues the shape of the LS7, which I think is more unique but not radical enough. Overall, the front face of the Zhiji LS6 is a bit conservative compared to others.

In terms of interior design, the Zhiji LS6 also maintains a family-style design style, which is very similar. The Dalian screen can support height adjustment and provides a very personalized half-width steering wheel. However, the LS6 also has its own design adjustments, such as canceling the through-air conditioner trend, changing the bottom of the central control screen to a cup holder and wireless charging, and not providing the same large-size front windshield as the LS7. No configuration information for the Zhiji LS6 has been announced yet, but I think some of the technological configurations available on the L7 and LS7, such as A-pillar blind spot monitoring, should not be absent.

In terms of power, Zhiji LS6 will provide high and low power single motor and dual motor, of which the maximum power of a single motor is 231kW (low)/250kW (high); the maximum total power of the four-wheel drive version is 263kW (low)/280kW (high), of which the four-wheel drive high-power version has a peak torque of 800 Nm and a 100-kilometer acceleration time of 3.5 seconds.

In terms of battery life, the Zhiji LS6 comes from a global 800V dual platform, with a matching ternary, the maximum working voltage can reach 875V, the battery life is 200KM in 5 minutes of charging, 350KM in 10 minutes of charging, and 500KM in 15 minutes of charging. The data is amazing, but the actual performance and the anti-attenuation ability of the battery, we have reservations here, and we will share it with you after it is actually listed.

＂Little Q＂ refreshes the box office record of domestic pet films, and eggs earn enough tears.

1905 movie network news Directed by Wing-cheong Law, a well-known Hong Kong director, and starring powerful actors such as Yam Tat-wah, Liang Yongqi, Luo Zhongqian, Yang Caini, Mabel Yuan and Hu Ming, the best companion film of the year was officially released on September 20th, which not only broke the box office record of domestic pet movies on the day of its release, but also secured the first weekend box office title by virtue of public reputation.


On September 27th, the film released the egg at the end of the film, and dozens of guide dog users across the country personally told stories about their life with guide dogs. The words were plain but the emotions revealed were extremely rich, which won unanimous praise from the audience during the screening. It was called "the last checkpoint of lacrimal gland collapse", which can be regarded as the "finishing touch" of the film, and it was very moving.


The realistic version of "Little Q" sees the crying audience, and the dog’s selfless dedication reproduces love and loyalty.

The egg at the end of the film interviewed dozens of guide dog users and foster families from different countries and regions, and told about their daily life with guide dogs and what guide dogs had done for them. Those experiences are either lovely or touching. The users of guide dogs spoke in a calm tone, as if introducing an old friend to the audience, but the happiness and contentment in the words made people feel that guide dogs have brought infinite help to the visually impaired. In the face of natural disasters, they never leave; In the face of accidents, they gave their lives to the savior;

In the face of years, they try their best to accompany them for life, which is the greatest contribution a working dog can make to mankind. Many viewers forced themselves not to cry when watching the movie, hiding their tears under a delicate and touching story, but they didn’t expect to be broken by this gentle little thing at the end of the egg painting.

In addition to guide dog users, foster families and guide dog trainers also expressed their pride in cultivating guide dogs in eggs. An aunt looked red all the time, mentioned the parting moment, and choked and said, "It’s like marrying a daughter." Many viewers couldn’t stop crying when they saw this. The Director of Guide Dog Training in Hong Kong has made a good summary of this. She thinks that guide dogs have been trained and left several times when they are young, in order to become guide dogs, so even if they leave, it is very beautiful. "I think the most beautiful moment is that TAs are ready, take care of each other and start a new page."

Good movies map to real life audience: movies are all their own shadows.

The film Xiao Q is adapted from the novel Goodbye, Kelu, which touched 300 million readers in Asia. It records the moving story of a clever Labrador dog Xiao Q who has silently contributed to mankind for 12 years from birth to departure. In this localization adaptation, director Wing-cheong Law focuses on the details of life between guide dog users and guide dog Xiao Q, and every bit records the moments when people and dogs care for each other, take care of each other and accompany each other, which truly restores the life between "shovel officer" and dogs. Several scenes, even the leading role, were called touching, as if they had restored the way they got along with their dogs at home, which was praised by the audience.

In the movie, Xiao Q is not only a working dog, but also a pet dog who stays with his owner for 24 hours. It will play ball and games with its owner, and experience the joys and sorrows of its owner, and its owner will stay with it when it is sick. The whole movie is full of tears, but it is loved by the audience because of the unpretentious plot.


Huzhou explores the road of biodiversity green finance, and the bank provides financial support through iterative innovative products.

Our reporter (chinatimes.net.cn) Fu Bizhen reports from Beijing.

At present, the global protection of biodiversity faces a huge funding gap. With the rapid development of green finance in China, more and more financial institutions have realized the importance of biodiversity and accelerated the pace of product innovation in related fields.

Recently, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province issued the "Implementation Opinions on Financial Support for Biodiversity Protection" (hereinafter referred to as "Implementation Opinions") to explore the establishment of a green financial service system suitable for biodiversity protection.

On the other hand, it can not be ignored that financial institutions are still facing many problems in participating in biodiversity protection. How to guide more funds into it and make financial institutions such as banks get more reasonable comprehensive returns needs further exploration.

Finance supports biodiversity.

According to the prediction of the secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, by 2030, the global annual capital demand for biodiversity protection will be about 711 billion US dollars. But at present, the annual capital investment in related fields is only $143 billion. Moreover, nearly 80% of the funds depend on government departments.

It can be seen that the protection of biodiversity is facing a huge funding gap, and financial institutions and social capital are urgently needed to participate.

In October 2021, the first phase of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) was held in Kunming, Yunnan. China took the lead in setting up the Kunming Biodiversity Fund with a capital of 1.5 billion yuan. The second phase of COP15 will be held in Montreal, Canada in December this year. How to introduce the power of financial institutions to participate in biodiversity protection is also one of the important topics of the meeting.

"Capital investment is an important basic guarantee for deepening the battle against pollution. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment adheres to the principle of "grasping with both hands". On the one hand, it actively strives for the public welfare support of financial funds, on the other hand, it actively guides the market-oriented support of financial funds. " Zou Shoumin, director of the Science, Technology and Finance Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said this at the regular press conference held by the Ministry on August 23rd.

In guiding financial support, Zou Shoumin introduced that since the second half of 2021, the eco-environment department has established cooperation mechanisms with 10 financial institutions, including China Development Bank, China Agricultural Development Bank and China Bank, established a repository of eco-environmental financial support projects, and issued the "Guidelines for the Storage of Eco-environmental Financial Support Project Repositories (Trial)" to support projects in eight major areas, such as air, water and soil pollution prevention, and guided financial institutions to provide more accurate financial support. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment screened out projects with good environmental and economic benefits and regularly pushed them to the above 10 financial institutions. In July this year, the first batch of 139 projects were pushed, and projects will be pushed to financial institutions regularly every two months.

In the field of biodiversity protection, banks and other financial institutions are also actively involved in continuous product innovation.

In terms of ecological restoration of abandoned mines, Huzhou has developed green financial products such as "green mine loan" and "pledge loan for comprehensive utilization of mining rights", providing a total of 3.86 billion yuan of green financing, supporting the restoration of 382 abandoned mines such as the "Dragon Dream" super-large tourism complex project and Changxing "Golden Nail" national geological nature reserve, with 25,000 mu of green and 31,000 mu of reclaimed farmland, thus becoming a national-level green mining development demonstration zone.

Huzhou guides state-owned banks such as workers, peasants and China Construction Co., Ltd. to carry out syndicated cooperation with CDB, and supports the first ecological transformation project of bamboo forest carbon sink in China by introducing low-cost green financial funds, so as to change 180,000 mu of abandoned bamboo forest from carbon source to carbon sink and promote ecological balance.

Anji county, Huzhou city is rich in bamboo resources, but in recent years, with the decline of bamboo prices and the lack of labor, the phenomenon of bamboo forest abandonment has appeared. In order to solve this problem, Anji Rural Commercial Bank innovated the loan model and launched the first "bamboo forest carbon sequestration pledge" loan in China. At the end of last year, Anji County also established the first bamboo forest carbon sink trading center in China. According to the relevant person in charge of the Green Finance Division of Anji Rural Commercial Bank, the reporter of China Times told me that up to now, Anji Rural Commercial Bank has invested more than 200 million yuan in bamboo forest carbon sink series loans.

For another example, Huzhou Branch of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China has also actively raised funds for friendly biodiversity conservation projects this year. According to the person in charge of the bank’s green finance department, the bank told the reporter of China Times that the bank provided 200 million yuan of credit financing for Taihu Forest Park in Changxing County, which supported the construction of 4,890 mu of high-efficiency seedlings, flowers and fine fruit and wood planting base. As of the first half of this year, Huzhou Branch of ICBC has invested 6 billion yuan in key biodiversity projects and supported about 20 projects.

In terms of supporting biodiversity protection, Huzhou Branch of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China gives preferential pricing to loans, which is usually 100 BP lower than other projects.

How to solve the difficulties

According to Huang Dingwei, deputy director of Huzhou Financial Office, there are several difficulties in the current financial support for biodiversity projects: First, the effects of biodiversity are difficult to internalize and the economic effects are difficult to reflect in a short time; Second, the impact of the project on biodiversity is difficult to assess; Third, the construction of relevant systems is lagging behind, and so on.

Huang Dingwei told the reporter of China Times that in view of these problems, the Implementation Opinions clearly divided the scope of biodiversity protection and drew a map of key areas for biodiversity protection, providing a clear reference for financial institutions. At the project level, fully respect the principle of commercial sustainability, compile a catalogue of biodiversity-sensitive industries and a list of biodiversity-friendly projects, coordinate the protection and restoration projects of important ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, rivers and lakes, and strengthen the financing docking between banks and enterprises. .

Bai Yiwen, vice president of Beijing Institute of Green Finance and Sustainable Development, told China Times that with reference to international experience, soft loans from government funds and some international organizations will begin to attach importance to biodiversity conservation projects, and commercial financial institutions can cooperate with them to carry out mixed financing to reduce the capital cost of supporting biodiversity-friendly projects. In addition, China is currently establishing a diversified ecological compensation mechanism to enable the main body of ecological services to benefit. In addition to the traditional financial transfer payment and regional transfer payment, the ecological compensation mechanism can also adopt market-oriented means.

"At present, there are still many financial institutions that have not realized that although they have not directly affected biodiversity, they have indirectly harmed biodiversity by providing financial services such as investment, insurance and loans for companies and business activities that destroy the ecology. Therefore, how the regulatory authorities guide the financial industry to support biodiversity conservation will become the key. " Shi Jianping, chairman of the International Institute of Green Finance of the Central University of Finance and Economics, told the reporter of China Times.

Shi Jianping pointed out that to further enhance financial institutions’ support for biodiversity, first of all, explore the feasibility and specific plans of incorporating biodiversity indicators into a comprehensive risk management system; Secondly, biodiversity protection should be included in the green sustainable development planning and strategic measures at the level of financial institutions; Finally, promote the perfection and innovation of biodiversity-related green financial product system: on the one hand, we can consider adjusting and optimizing traditional green financial products such as debt financial products to include biodiversity protection factors; On the other hand, with the rapid development of equity financial products, including private equity funds and impact investment funds, the concept of biodiversity can be included in ESG investment strategies.

Green finance, including supporting biodiversity, is also an important part of financial supply-side reform.

Shi Jianping told the reporter of China Times that at present, China’s real economy is in a critical period of green transformation and high-quality development. In this process, it is inseparable from the service and support of the financial industry, especially green finance. Therefore, supporting and promoting the development of green finance is not only the requirement of promoting the reform of financial supply side, but also the inevitable result of "transfusion" to the real economy and helping China’s high-quality economic development.

In the first half of 2022, China’s green credit reached 19.55 trillion yuan, accounting for only 9.47% of the balance of local and foreign currency loans. According to the green bond database of Green Finance International Research Institute of Central University of Finance and Economics, by the first half of 2022, the scale of new green bonds issued in China and abroad was about 503.963 billion yuan, the scale of new unlabeled green bonds issued in China was 878.412 billion yuan, and the stock of green bonds in China and abroad was about 2.1 trillion yuan.

Shi Jianping said that through the incentive and restraint mechanism, as well as the innovation of financial instruments such as green bonds, green insurance and green trusts, green finance guides the flow of funds to green and low-carbon fields, and gives direct financial support to the development of related industries, technological upgrading and consumption, thus injecting new impetus into industrial development, technological innovation and consumption upgrading.

Editor in Charge: Meng Junlian Editor in Chief: Zhang Zhiwei

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