分类： xiyu

　　"To organize a marriage, it is really necessary to pay or accept the bride price and gift money according to the traditional customs. The standards of the bride price and the types and standards of the gift money shall comply with the relevant provisions of the village rules and regulations (residents’ convention). Consciously resist the following behaviors: asking for high bride price and gift money or using bride price and gift money to interfere with freedom of marriage; Paying or accepting excessive bride price or gift money; High-priced compensation for divorce (destruction); Damage the legitimate rights and interests of others by marriage; Use marriage to collect money … …”

　　On April 6, the Red Star journalist learned from the relevant departments of Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province that on March 31, it was deliberated and passed at the 34th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th People’s Congress of Sichuan Province.Regulations of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture on Changing Customs and Habits, which clearly stipulates the control of bad habits such as "high bride price".From May 1 this year, the regulations will be officially implemented. It is also the first case in Sichuan to raise the work of changing customs to the level of laws and regulations.

　　However, behind the promulgation of this regulation, it has been "brewing" for four years. In the face of bad habits such as "high bride price" in some local places, many people suffer greatly. In an interview with the Red Star journalist, Han Galapo, chairman of the Ethnic and Religious Affairs and Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee of the People’s Congress of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, said, "We formed a research team to go deep into 17 counties (cities) in Liangshan. At that time, some people reported that it was a big economic burden for families to give a bride price of 200,000 yuan in rural areas. Whether it is a forum or a home visit, the research group is welcomed by people from all walks of life. We received a total of 341 opinions and suggestions, of which 156 were adopted. It took four years from the motion to the promulgation of the Ordinance … …”

　　Phenomenon — —

　　Netizens reported that they were burdened with "high bride price"

　　Many places in Liangshan Prefecture have introduced policy rectification.

　　In recent years, influenced by old ideas and bad social customs, some local wedding activities have some bad habits, such as high bride price, blind comparison and debt marriage, which have aroused widespread concern and heated discussion in society, not only increasing the burden on families, but also affecting social harmony. Many places therefore give special treatment to the high bride price.

　　In recent years, "high bride price" has also appeared in some places in Liangshan, and local cadres and masses have strongly reflected it.

　　On February 5 this year, a student in Yuexi County, Liangshan wrote to the governor through the message board of local leaders of People’s Daily Online, reflecting the issue of bride price. He wrote in the letter: "The bride price of my three brothers is more than one million. My parents are worried that we can’t get a wife, so let us drop out of school and go out to work early, hoping that the leaders can rectify it. We ordinary people all hope that the government will take action to resist this kind of comparison. "

　　In this regard, the Propaganda Department of Yuexi County Committee of Liangshan Prefecture replied that the problem of high-priced bride price reflected by this netizen did exist in some towns and villages after investigation. In recent years, Yuexi County attached great importance to it and issued a series of related documents to rectify it. For example, the "Implementation Opinions of Yuexi County on Further Curbing the Wind of High Gift Money and Extravagance and Waste in Wedding and Funeral Matters (Trial)" was formulated and issued, which stipulated that the total number of wedding bride price should be appropriate to the net income of farmers, extravagance and waste should be prohibited, and the annual decline and zero bride price should be advocated in an orderly manner. Guide villages to revise and improve village rules and regulations, and advocate new marriages and happy events. Expose the bad phenomena such as high bride price, lavish handling, extravagance and waste, feudal superstition, and comparison with gifts.

　　On February 10 this year, a netizen in Zhaojue County, Liangshan Prefecture wrote a message on People’s Daily that the bride price was too heavy. He wrote: "The bride price in our county is too heavy, which makes the burden on boys’ parents too heavy. There are 500,000 yuan for work and 300,000 to 500,000 yuan for no job … … Many girls don’t marry love, but marry bride price, so husband and wife can’t live in harmony. I hope to rectify the atmosphere so that more people can decompress, more people can marry people they like, and more people marry people they like. "

　　↑ Screenshot of netizens reflecting high-priced bride price issues.

　　On February 23, Zhaojue County of Liangshan Prefecture issued a reply saying that Zhaojue County continued to carry out the work of changing customs and traditions, and although it has achieved certain results, there are still stereotypes and bad habits of high bride price and mutual comparison in some places. In order to promote the work of changing customs and promoting a new style of civilization, in January 2022, the relevant requirements of changing customs and traditions in Zhaojue County were initially drafted; In February, the "Zhaojue County’s Implementation Plan for Further Deepening the Promotion of Civilized New Style (Draft for Comment)" was further refined and drafted, and comments and suggestions were issued; A formal document was formed in mid-March, and the overall work of changing customs and traditions was fully launched.

　　"Legislation" — —

　　Consciously resist asking for high bride price, etc

　　Standards should comply with village rules and regulations.

　　In the face of bad habits such as "high bride price", Liangshan legislation said "no". On April 6, the Red Star journalist learned from relevant departments in Liangshan that on March 31, the 34th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th People’s Congress of Sichuan Province deliberated and passed the Regulations on Changing Customs in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations). Recently, the regulations were announced by the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and will be officially implemented on May 1.

　　The Red Star journalist noted that in the code of conduct in Chapter II of the above Regulations, it is clear that laws and regulations related to marriage should be observed and the marriage system should be strictly implemented. Abide by the following code of conduct: "register marriage according to law and resist invalid marriage;" Parents or other guardians shall not allow or force minors to get married or enter into an engagement for minors. "

　　The "Regulations" clearly stipulate that wedding bride price, gift money and gifts are limited to human courtesy, and state public officials shall implement them according to relevant regulations; Consciously resist high bride price and luxury wedding; Resist such unhealthy practices as extravagance, extravagance, comparison, and vulgar marriage; Support and encourage village (neighborhood) committees and community organizations to provide marriage and love services, and publicize and guide the boycott of high-priced bride price and luxury weddings.

　　It is also pointed out that according to the traditional custom, it is really necessary to pay or accept the bride price and gift money when organizing a marriage. The standards of the bride price and the types and standards of the gift money should abide by the village rules and regulations (residents’ convention) and other relevant provisions.Consciously resist the following behaviors:Asking for high bride price and gift money or interfering with freedom of marriage by using bride price and gift money; Paying or accepting excessive bride price or gift money; High-priced compensation for divorce (destruction); Damage the legitimate rights and interests of others by marriage; Use marriage to collect money; Other acts of collecting money prohibited by laws and regulations.

　　The "Regulations" clearly stipulate that county (city) people’s governments and township people’s governments (street offices) should guide and promote the content of changing customs into village regulations (residents’ conventions), owners’ conventions and articles of association of trade associations. State officials, village groups and community cadres should play an exemplary role in changing customs.

　　The "Regulations" also clarified the legal liability. If there are provisions on the liability for acts in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, those provisions shall prevail. Administrative organs, institutions and their staff abuse their powers, neglect their duties, engage in malpractices for selfish ends in the work of changing customs, and the relevant departments shall order them to make corrections within a time limit; If the circumstances are serious, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dealt with according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Behind — —

　　It took four years before and after the promulgation of the regulations.

　　In-depth investigation in 17 counties and cities adopted 156 opinions and suggestions.

　　The Red Star journalist learned that in recent years, in order to curb the stereotypes such as high bride price, big weddings and funerals, and thin and thick funerals, Liangshan Prefecture has further promoted the change of customs and achieved initial results, and accumulated some mature and effective experiences and practices. In 2017, the Standing Committee of Liangshan Prefecture People’s Congress incorporated the Regulations on Changing Customs in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture into the five-year legislative plan of the 11th National People’s Congress.

　　Han Yulapo, chairman of the Ethnic, Religious and Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee of the People’s Congress of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, said, "In order to summarize and refine these good experiences and practices, raise them to legal provisions, and promote the change of customs by the rule of law, in 2019, the Standing Committee of the State People’s Congress began a comprehensive and in-depth legislative investigation. At the end of 2020, the "Regulations (Draft Draft)" was drafted, and the State Party Committee established a leading group for the formulation of the "Regulations". The formulation of the "Regulations" was included in the 2021 legislative plan of the Standing Committee of the State People’s Congress and was finally promulgated this year. "

　　"We formed a research team and went deep into 17 counties (cities) in Liangshan. At that time, some people reported that it was a big economic burden for families to give a bride price of 200,000 yuan to marry a daughter-in-law in rural areas. Whether it is a forum or a home visit, the research group has been welcomed by people from all walks of life. We received a total of 341 opinions and suggestions, of which 156 were adopted. It took four years from the motion to the promulgation of the Ordinance. " Hangalapo believes that the implementation of this regulation is very necessary.

　　From May 1st this year, the "Regulations" will be officially implemented, which indicates that the work of changing customs in Liangshan Prefecture has been guaranteed by the rule of law. It is reported that it is the first case in Sichuan province to raise the work of changing customs to the level of laws and regulations.

　　On March 18th this year, the symposium on comprehensive management of high-priced bride price in Yi areas of Liangshan Prefecture was held in Xichang City, Liangshan Prefecture. The meeting arranged and deployed the comprehensive management of high-priced bride price in Yi areas of Liangshan Prefecture, clarified the division of tasks and established a collaborative mechanism. The Supervision Committee of the Sichuan Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection will take the comprehensive management of high-priced bride price as the key supervision content, adhere to the principle of "sticking one pole in the end", follow up and urge the whole process, and timely discover and urge the solution of outstanding problems.

　　Red Star Journalist Jiang Long

　　National Health Commission recently issued a notice to strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of children’s trace element detection, and not to take trace element detection as a general survey item such as physical examination.

　　The notice requires that all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels should strictly regulate the detection of trace elements in children in accordance with the requirements of diagnosis and treatment norms, clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines, clinical technical operation norms and industry standards. Trace element detection should not be carried out for children without diagnosis and treatment, and trace element detection should not be used as a general survey item such as physical examination. Local health administrative departments at all levels should strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of children’s trace element detection, and severely deal with medical and health institutions and medical personnel who carry out detection in violation of the above provisions according to laws and regulations. As early as 2013, China issued the Notice on Standardizing the Clinical Detection of Trace Elements in Children, which clearly pointed out that "the detection of trace elements should not be used as a general survey item such as physical examination, especially for infants under 6 months", but the irregular detection of trace elements in children in medical and health institutions still exists. (CCTV reporter Long Xiaoqin)

Since the divorce from Le Jier, Tianwang Liming has recently sent his love to work, and the "Boss Li" who rarely appeared before is extremely active. Recently, it was reported that he had to pay HK$ 200 million as alimony for Le Jier, so he tried to save his fortune by drowning. He was photographed trekking to the outdoor stadium in Dongan County, Changsha, and was described as a humble venue, which seemed to be beneath the status of a king. On the other hand, Liming has promised to be a "dream observer" for China’s Got Talent by Oriental TV. Li Tianwang, who has his own manager company, seldom appeared on TV variety shows in Hong Kong before, let alone "show his face" like this, but it is understood that the reward for this program is very considerable.

His agent, Shanzhi Chen, even responded: "We don’t mind continuing to save water. The most important thing is to have more Shang Yan and go on stage, and continue to earn money." Is Li Tianwang, who is worth as much as 1 billion, really so "short of money"? To borrow the words of Yuan Fang, the hottest internet celebrity at present, there must be something fishy about it.

Dawn has been very busy recently: going to the county seat and being a judge in the draft.

Recently, the Hong Kong media disclosed that Dawn went to Changsha for a "business trip" and made a long journey to sing in the outdoor stadium in Dong ‘an County. The venue was described as simple. It is reported that in order to celebrate the completion of a school in Dong ‘an County, local entrepreneurs funded a mixed Shang Yan, and Dawn hung the top card and sang songs such as "Will you come tonight?" It is reported that the only well-known artists attending the concert are Zhu Zhiwen, the "Big Clothes Brother" from "Avenue of Stars", Zhu Xun, the host of CCTV, and Xu Qiuyi, a Hong Kong singer. Shanzhi Chen, Dawn’s agent, said that the performance was signed three months ago, mainly because the Changsha municipal government hoped that Dawn could be there to support it, and there were also famous artists from the mainland, and Tianwang himself didn’t mind the venue and the place where he lived. Shanzhi Chen even laughed and said that he didn’t mind continuing to save the water. The most important thing was to have more Shang Yan and go on stage. If he had money, of course, he would continue to earn.

On the other hand, Tianwang Liming has confirmed to join the new season of "China’s Got Talent Show" to help grassroots people with dreams realize their dreams as a "dream observer". Although he has worked hard in the entertainment circle for many years, his career involves music, film, production, operation and other fields, but this time as a judge of "Talent Show" is the first close contact between Dawn and TV variety. Twenty-six years ago, the 19-year-old Dawn was born in a talent show and won the third place in Hong Kong’s "Rookie Singing Contest". However, in his heyday in Hong Kong, he rarely participated in TV variety shows, let alone directly served as an "observer" in the talent show. Nowadays, the judges of China’s Got Talent show have changed, but the king of golden sentences rarely shows his face at dawn, so whether the style of criticism will be "golden sentences" has become a major attraction.

Why did Li Tianwang "condescend"?

Divorce, blood loss+career bottleneck

Earlier, Dawn and Le Jier announced their breakup. Hong Kong media estimated that Dawn’s net worth was about HK$ 1 billion, including real estate, stocks and securities. Besides starting a record company, Amusic, as the owner in 2004, he owns three properties in Hong Kong with a market value of over HK$ 200 million. Together with millions of luxury houses in Chaoyang District, Beijing, he is a veritable rich man in the circle. Although Le Jier will take away about HK$ 200 million, this is a statistic of their married income, which does not constitute a fatal "blood loss". However, some insiders believe that Dawn’s popularity has declined in recent years, and her career has fallen into a bottleneck, which is slightly eclipsed by the other three kings. In the past two years, Dawn has really been catching up and seeking a breakthrough in her career. Earlier, in order to make a breakthrough in movies, Liming was willing to cooperate with big directors at a reduced price. For example, acting in bodyguards and assassins and Mei Lanfang were all low-paid performances.

Some analysts believe that the recent frequent exposure of Dawn is nothing more than to stabilize the momentum of Tianwang and actively grab money. Besides seven concerts at the Hong Kong Red Pavilion at the end of last year, Liming didn’t sing or tour in the mainland, but participated in many Shang Yan and assorted performances. According to incomplete statistics, Liming has participated in Shang Yan in Zhengzhou, Chengdu, Guiyang, Hefei, Zhanjiang, Shaoguan and other places in the past two years, both with Jeff Chang Shin-Che, Yu Chengqing, Show Lo and Nicholas Tse, and with Shang Yan as the "leader" with some second-and third-line singers. According to industry insiders, the price of Shang Yan at Dawn is around 700,000 RMB, while it is reported that Gao Xiaosong’s salary for participating in China’s Got Talent is over 4 million RMB in one season, and the single appearance fee is reportedly around 300,000 RMB, while Zhou Libo’s one episode is 800,000 RMB. It is reasonable to say that Li Tianwang’s price should not be lower than Zhou Libo’s. If you record 12 episodes, Dawn can earn more than 10 million yuan in China’s Got Talent, and all the money she gets is hard cash, so it is speculated that Li Tianwang should be a cash flow that is in urgent need of turnover.

Wentuan CICC

The contradiction between the high growth of power demand and the constraint of energy consumption index is emerging.

Power cuts and industrial peak-shifting production have once again occurred in various places.

Inner Mongolia, Yunnan and Guangdong have a tight balance of power, which "reproduces peak-shifting production". In December, 2020, power cuts occurred in Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia and other places, requiring industrial and commercial enterprises to produce off-peak to fill the valley; Since May 2021, power cuts have been staged again in Guangdong and Yunnan. Guangdong government will strengthen load trend forecasting and analysis and guide enterprises to adjust production arrangements and peak electricity consumption; On May 10th, Yunnan, due to the lower-than-expected incoming water, there was a gap in the peak electricity consumption, which led to the start of off-peak power rationing for enterprises and reduced the electricity load of electrolytic aluminum plants by more than 30%. China Southern Power Grid informed the electrolytic aluminum plants that the power rationing is expected to last until mid-June.

Tight supply pushes up bulk prices and affects the production cost of economic activities. The epidemic led to a continuous decline in commodity prices in early 2020, followed by economic stimulus policies in various countries, and prices bottomed out in April-May. On May 14th, 2021, the total index of commodity prices in China reached 183.3, up 43.6% from last year’s rock-bottom price of 103.3. In May, the National People’s Congress named the issue of commodity prices for two consecutive weeks [1]. Although the price dropped after May 14th, the factors driving the price increase have not been eliminated. Moreover, after the high temperature weather entered in June, the supply reduction caused by power cuts may further expand, and commodity prices may remain at a high level for a long time.

Chart: China Commodity Price Index (Week)

Source: wind information, Research Department of CICC.

The main cause of power rationing

1) Industrial and commercial electricity consumption exceeded expectations, and the power load hit a historical high:

Economic recovery brought about a sharp increase of 19.1% in electricity consumption in the first four months, and the contribution of secondary and tertiary industries was 66.7% and 17.1%. From January to April, the electricity consumption of the whole society in China increased rapidly by 19.1% year-on-year, which was 7.0% higher than the same period in 2019, excluding the impact of the epidemic; Among them, the contribution rates of secondary and tertiary industries were 66.7% and 17.1%, respectively, up 20.7% and 29.0% year-on-year, with compound growth rates of 7.4% and 8.4% compared with the same period in 2019, and the growth rate of electricity demand exceeded the expected level.

High demand for electricity is a national pressure, and the year-on-year growth rate of 13 provinces exceeds the national average. Xizang, Hubei, Zhejiang and Guangdong have the highest year-on-year growth rates from January to April, accounting for 33.6%, 31.9%, 29.3% and 29.2% respectively. Compared with the same period in 2019, the compound growth rate is between 2.7% and 16.5%, and the compound growth rate of 16 provinces exceeds the national average, with Yunnan, Xizang, Shandong and Guangxi leading the way, accounting for 16.5%, 14.9%, 10% and 10% respectively.

Guangdong’s power load exceeded 100 million ahead of last year, and the rising peak demand aggravated the shortage of power. With the economic growth after the resumption of work and the air conditioning load brought by the rising temperature, the peak load of Guangdong power grid took the lead in breaking 100 million on March 19, 9 days earlier than the same period last year. The trend of power peak load has brought great challenges to the installed power reserve, power grid forecasting and dispatching ability in various regions.

Chart: China’s electricity demand from January to April in 2019-2021-by industry

Source: China Electricity Council, Research Department of CICC.

Chart: Year-on-year growth rate of electricity demand in China from January to April 2021-by region

Source: Government website, Research Department of CICC.

2) Power supply shortage: the power supply is in a tight situation due to the influence of weak incoming water, weak sunshine and high coal price.

Since 2021, dry weather has occurred in many places in Jiangnan and South China. From January to April 2021, the power generation of hydropower plants above designated size was 272.7 billion kWh, up by 1.1% year-on-year, and the compound growth rate was -4.5% compared with the same period in 2019. On a monthly basis, the average precipitation in January decreased by 58% compared with the normal period, and gradually recovered and approached the normal period from February to April, but the flood season in South China was 20 days later than normal. In May, the precipitation in southwestern Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and eastern South China was still less, and the drought continued.

Due to the increase of fog and dusty weather, the sunshine is weak. According to the agricultural meteorological news, the sunshine hours in March were 182h, which was 18.4% and 9.4% less than that in the previous year and the same period of normal years. Among them, southwest and south China are 30% to 1 times more, and central North China, western Huanghuai, Jianghan, western Jiangnan and northwestern South China are 30% to 50% less. In April, the number of sunshine hours in China was 199h hours, which was 16.9% and 7.7% less than that in the previous year and the same period of the previous year, and it was 20% to 80% less than that in the eastern northwest, southwestern north China, Jianghan, central and western south China, western south China and eastern southwest China.

The price of thermal coal continues the upward trend at the end of 2020, and the cost pressure of thermal power enterprises is great. From January to April 2021, the thermal power generation of power plants above designated size increased by 19.9% year-on-year, with a compound growth rate of 6.9% compared with the same period in 2019. The strong demand for electricity pushes up the demand for coal and the price trend of thermal coal. The cost of spot coal is close to the on-grid electricity price, and the profit situation of power generation is not optimistic.

Chart: Monthly change of precipitation in China

Source: China Meteorological Bureau; Research department of CICC

Note: Data in February 2021 are not disclosed.

Chart: Monthly change of sunshine hours in China

Source: National Agrometeorological Monthly Report; Research department of CICC

Note: January-February 2021 is February data.

Chart: China coal price index

Source: wind information; Research department of CICC

Chart: China’s coal supply and demand situation

Source: wind information; Research department of CICC

3) The pressure of energy consumption management and control in many provinces is rising, facing interviews.

Clean energy is restricted by natural factors, and the power generation fails to meet the demand increase. Thermal power supports the power supply in dry season, and the contradiction with the energy consumption index is prominent. The General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice of "Barometer on the Completion of the Target of Dual Control of Energy Consumption in the First Quarter of 2021", in which the energy intensity of Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang increased instead of falling, and was reminded by the NDRC. Since the beginning of the year, the work reports of provincial governments have all proposed that energy conservation, carbon reduction and emission reduction should be controlled within the targets set by the state in 2021. Zhejiang, Ningxia and Xinjiang have set the targets of "freeing up 1.8 million tons of standard coal for energy use", "the consumption of water, coal and electricity per unit of GDP has decreased by 15%" and "the energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by about 3%" in 2021. According to the year-on-year increase of energy consumption intensity in the first quarter, it is obvious that.

Chart: Excerpts from the work reports of provincial governments on energy conservation and emission reduction targets in 2021.

Source: websites of provincial governments and research department of CICC.

Chart: barometer of the completion of energy consumption double control targets in the first quarter of 2021

Source: National Development and Reform Commission and Research Department of CICC.

Short-term measures: it is crucial to increase the output of clean energy and increase the supply of coal.

Priority is given to the proportion of low-carbon clean energy consumption.

The utilization rate of existing clean energy projects has obviously rebounded, and the absorptive capacity of wind power photovoltaic needs to be further improved.

Since the second half of last year, nuclear power units have tended to be full: by the end of 2020, the installed power generation of nuclear power in China has increased by 5.0% year-on-year, and the utilization hours have increased by 1.4% year-on-year to 7453 h; From January to April in 2021, the installed capacity increased by 4.7% year-on-year, the power generation increased by 14.9% year-on-year, the growth rate increased by 11.2 percentage points over the same period of last year, and the utilization hour increased by 9.9% year-on-year to 2450h, and the utilization rate rebounded obviously. Among them, the quarterly utilization hours of 3Q20 and 4Q20 nuclear power units in China exceeded 2000 hours, which were 2038h and 2015h respectively, and they have tended to be full; 1Q21 was 1822h, an increase of 12.25% over the same period of last year.

Chart: Quarterly utilization hours of nuclear power units in China.

Source: Company Announcement, Research Department of CICC.

Since the beginning of this year, the wind conditions have been good and the power cut has continued to improve. From January to April 2021, Longyuan Power’s wind power generation increased by 23.3% year-on-year. Excluding the reasons of wind resources last year, we can see that the data has a compound growth rate of 14.1% compared with the same period in 2019. In addition, the company’s power cut rates in the first four months were 4.8%, 7.2%, 4.9% and 5.2% respectively, which remained at a low level in the same period of the past four years after the industry rushed to install them last year.

Chart: Monthly Change of Power Limit Rate of Longyuan Power Company

Source: Company Announcement, Research Department of CICC.

The release of non-water renewable energy consumption indicators will promote sustainable construction and grid-connected scenery projects. Recently, the Notice on Matters Related to the Development and Construction of Wind Power and Photovoltaic Power Generation in 2021 and the Notice on the Responsibility Weight of Renewable Energy Power Consumption and Related Matters in 2021 were issued. The target of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in 2021 is about 11% of the total electricity consumption, and the binding non-hydropower consumption responsibility weight of each province is between 4.0% and 24.5%, and the expected target in 2022 is 5.3%. Under the guidance of this goal, the speed of scenery stock and new projects from filing to construction and production will be accelerated and the cycle will be shortened.

Chart: China’s Provinces Consume Responsibility Weight

Source: website of National Development and Reform Commission, Research Department of CICC.

Increase coal supply and push down prices.

High coal prices limit the ability and willingness of thermal power generation. According to industry exchanges, the loss of coal-fired power business of mainstream thermal power enterprises has reached 20-30% in the first quarter. Entering the off-season of traditional power generation in the second quarter, the growth rate of power generation is slightly weaker than that of the previous quarter, but the high coal price may further worsen the profit performance and expand the loss.

After urging the thermal coal to increase the supply and protect the price, the price dropped slightly. On May 19th, the executive meeting of the State Council pointed out that it is necessary to attach great importance to the adverse effects caused by rising commodity prices and urge key coal enterprises to increase production and supply on the premise of ensuring safety. Shaanxi has increased the output of Shaanxi Coal Group, an existing large coal enterprise, and at the same time accelerated the construction of coal mines and increased production capacity. In terms of price stabilization, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province held a meeting to ensure supply and price stabilization, and interviewed the heads of major local coal enterprises, asking them to reasonably control coal prices and put an end to hoarding and other acts of driving up coal prices [2]. After May 14, the price of coal in Qinhuangdao has declined. In order to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of coal for a long time and restore the rational range of the market, it is necessary for coal enterprises to increase the release of production capacity.

Chart: Monthly data of coal inventory

Source: wind information, Research Department of CICC.

Chart: Closing Price of Zhou Du Coal in Qinhuangdao (including tax).

Source: China Coal Resources Network, Research Department of CICC.

Chart: Coal throughput of Qinhuangdao and Huanghua ports in China since 2019

Source: wind information, Research Department of CICC.

Long-term measures: the power system will reshape the electricity price mechanism or usher in a new situation

Peak power shortage or new normal

In the past five years, the average utilization hours of thermal power installed capacity have remained at 4,164.7 ~ 4,361.0 hours, showing a state of increasing first and then decreasing, which is far lower than the 5,500 hours showing the shortage of electricity in the region. Looking at the one-year cycle, our power supply is still in a relatively loose state.

Then what are we talking about lack of electricity? There is a lack of power installed capacity to meet the power demand at rush hour. Power cuts are frequent in many provinces and cities, but we also find that Guangdong, Hunan, Yunnan and other places with problems often have several characteristics:

On the basis of the high increase of industrial and commercial electricity consumption after the resumption of work, "cold winter and hot summer" brought the electricity consumption of air conditioning to rise ahead of schedule, and the difference between peak and valley was obvious. With the increase of urbanization, industrialization and electrification rate, air conditioning is used more and more frequently in industry and people’s livelihood. Cooling in summer and heating in winter amplify the influence of climate on power demand. At the end of last year, the winter in Hunan Province came early, and the average temperature was 3℃ lower than that in the same period, which led to a rapid increase in the load. Since May this year, the high temperature in Guangdong Province has continued, which is 4℃ higher than that in the same period last year. When the industrial and commercial demand is growing rapidly, extreme weather further increases the difficulty for relevant departments to forecast the power shortage in advance and flexibly dispatch the power grid.

The proportion of clean energy (hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic) affected by natural conditions is relatively large in the power supply structure. From the point of view of power supply, in addition to the stability of thermal power and nuclear power generation, water, wind and light are affected by the wet/dry season and the natural conditions of the year. Imagine that if the annual dimension of incoming water is more stable than in previous years, but if the dry season is good and the flood season coincides with the peak of summer electricity consumption is much weaker than expected, even if the thermal power is full, it will be difficult to make up, and the supply and demand will not match in the short term, and there will be a power gap.

Take Hunan 4Q20 as an example: the utilization hours of thermal power in Hunan remained at the level of 4,000 hours in 2018-2019. At first glance, there is still room for dispatching power generation. But in detail, the monthly utilization hours of thermal power in the province are between 200-300 hours from March to June, with an annual utilization of 2,400-3,600 hours, which is not full, while in the summer of peak electricity consumption (July-September), the thermal power units can reach 300-400 hours, with an annual utilization of 3,600-4,800 hours, while The rapid increase in power demand makes it difficult to obtain additional power supply support.

Chart: Hunan Province-Monthly thermal power utilization hours fluctuate greatly.

Source: China Electricity Council and Research Department of CICC.

Tightly balance the power supply, improve the power price mechanism and enhance the investment attraction.

The call for "price reduction" of the two sessions has weakened. In order to reduce the cost of enterprises, in 2018-2019, the general industrial and commercial electricity price will be reduced by 10% and 10% on average, and in 2020, the industrial and commercial electricity price will be reduced by 5%. In 2018 and 2019, the general industrial and commercial sales electricity price decreased by 0.15 yuan/kWh, with a cumulative decrease of 19%. In 2021, although it was proposed to continue to reduce the general industrial and commercial electricity price, no binding instructions were given for the reduction, and the focus of reducing the customer-side electricity price was on the transmission and distribution price and the price increase in the process of switching to power supply, which weakened the hard demand for reducing the on-grid electricity price of power generation enterprises.

Under the pressure of high coal prices, market-oriented electricity price discounts are improving, especially in Jiangsu, Shandong, Yunnan and Guangdong. In 2021, the electricity market will be extended to all manufacturing enterprises, and the degree of marketization will be further expanded. In the past, when the supply of electricity exceeded the demand, the market-oriented transaction price was obviously lower than the benchmark on-grid price, and the profit-making effect of power generation enterprises was obvious. However, in the case of tight power supply and demand in 2021, the bidding price has increased significantly and the power discount has narrowed.

Jiangsu: In February this year, the transaction price reached 391 yuan/mwh, the highest value since 2018. The average transaction price from January to June was 378 yuan/mwh, up by 23 yuan/mwh compared with the same period of last year, and up by 21 yuan/mwh compared with the same period of 2019.

Shandong: In February and June this year, the transaction price reached a historical peak of 395 yuan/mwh, and the average price from January to June was 393 yuan/mwh, up by 9 yuan/mwh compared with the same period in 2019.

Yunnan: From January to May this year, the transaction price remained above 250 yuan/MWh, and the average price increased by 10 yuan/MWh compared with the same period of last year.

Guangdong: From January to May this year, the monthly bidding price difference was 29.7-40.1 yuan/mwh, with an average of 34.4 yuan/mwh, which was similar to the 4Q20 price difference range of 27.5-40.1 yuan/mwh and the average of 32.7 yuan/mwh, but in June, the bidding price difference fell to the lowest value of 1.91 yuan/mwh. Or due to the tight power supply and the peak electricity consumption in June.

Chart: Jiangsu Bidding Transaction Electricity Price

Source: Electric Power Trading Center; Research department of CICC

Chart: Shandong bidding transaction price

Source: Electric Power Trading Center; Research department of CICC

Chart: Yunnan bidding transaction price

Source: Electric Power Trading Center; Research department of CICC

Chart: Guangdong bidding price difference

Source: Electric Power Trading Center; Research department of CICC

Note: The bid price difference in August 2020 is 130 yuan/MWh.

The spot transaction price in Guangdong far exceeds the benchmark, and it is difficult to improve in a long period of time. The tightness of supply and demand in the electricity spot market is obviously reflected in the spot transaction price. In May, the daily average transaction price of Guangdong electric power spot settlement continued to rise, exceeding the benchmark price of 463 yuan/mwh on May 13, reaching 541 yuan/mwh; Then the price continued to rise, reaching the peak of 675 yuan/MWh on May 18th. After that, the price declined to some extent, but it remained above 500 yuan/MWh. The high transaction price in the spot market reflects that the cost pressure of power generation enterprises is partly transmitted to the downstream, and it has entered the peak period of power consumption in summer. We expect that the situation of high spot transaction price is difficult to change and will continue for a long time.

Chart: Average daily transaction price and volume of spot settlement of electricity in Guangdong in May 2021 (right)

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Source: Power Trading Center, Research Department of CICC.

Linking energy consumption index with green electricity to promote the distributed development of industry and commerce

The high-carbon emission industry may not be able to expand its production due to the lack of energy consumption indicators, and instead build its own distributed power station and use green power for its own use. Under the constraint of energy consumption index, we think that some enterprises with high carbon emissions will obviously increase their demand for green electricity in order to obtain the new capacity quota index. Industrial and commercial enterprises may install their own distributed power stations, and use low-cost green power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic for their own use. When the policy allows, they can also use surplus electricity to access the Internet, which will increase the flexibility of electricity use and avoid the problem of power restriction.

At present, many enterprises have made relevant attempts, and the 800KW distributed photovoltaic power generation project of Ji ‘an Wood Industry has been put into operation. Sinopec plans to lay out 7,000 distributed photovoltaic power stations in the 14th Five-Year Plan. With the further development of energy consumption indicators, the distribution of industry and commerce may develop rapidly in the future.

Perfecting the energy storage price mechanism in the 14 th Five-Year Plan is imminent

Promote the low-carbon transformation of energy supply structure and implement the newly introduced pumped storage price mechanism. Pumped storage power station has many functions, such as peak regulation, frequency modulation, voltage regulation, system standby and black start, etc. Compared with thermal power and electrochemical energy storage, it has higher flexibility, cost advantage and environmental protection advantage. In the future, a two-part electricity price policy will be adopted to form electricity price in a competitive way, and the demand for energy storage will be determined by the market, which will ensure the return and stability of the project (the return standard is 6.5%), help to enhance investment attraction, introduce social capital to participate in pumping and storage investment, and be fair and open to the power grid. At present, the installed capacity of pumped storage is 31.79 million kilowatts, and 54.63 million kilowatts are under construction. According to the plan of the National Energy Administration, the demand for pumped storage will reach 140-160 million kilowatts in 2035, and the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" is expected to become the golden stage of pumped storage development.

For the first time, the "independent market dominant position" of new energy storage is given, and the solution idea of "who pays for energy storage" is given. According to the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of New Energy Storage (Draft for Comment)" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration, by 2025, the goal is to realize the transformation of new energy storage from the initial stage of commercialization to large-scale development, with an installed capacity of more than 30 million kilowatts. By 2030, the new energy storage will be fully market-oriented. The Opinions are expected to bring about three changes: 1) Energy storage on the power supply side: new energy+energy storage can be given priority in terms of project competitive configuration, approval and filing, grid-connected timing, system scheduling and operation arrangement, guaranteed utilization hours, compensation assessment of power auxiliary services, etc., or help to improve economic pressure; 2) Grid-side energy storage: the income from independent energy storage may come from capacity price+gradual participation in the power market, among which the cost of facilities belonging to "grid alternative energy storage" may be included in the recovery of transmission and distribution price in the future; 3) User-side energy storage: the benefits and costs of energy storage mainly depend on the arbitrage of peak-valley electricity prices, and more development space is created by improving the peak-valley electricity price policy.

We will improve green electricity price policies such as differential electricity price and ladder electricity price for industries with high energy consumption and high emissions, increase implementation, and promote energy conservation and carbon reduction. In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of industries with high energy consumption and high emissions, in addition to setting emission reduction targets, provinces have imposed punitive measures on enterprises that fail to meet the targets to promote self-innovation and elimination within the industry.

In Jiangsu, iron and steel enterprises that have not completed the transformation according to the requirements of ultra-low emission transformation and failed to meet the standards after the transformation have implemented the measures of increasing the electricity price by stages and layers on the basis of the current electricity price or the market electricity price.

Inner Mongolia continues to implement the step price policy for electrolytic aluminum, cement and steel industries, and the differential price policy for electrolytic aluminum, ferroalloy, calcium carbide, caustic soda, cement, steel, yellow phosphorus and zinc smelting.

Gansu requires power companies to submit the implementation and collection of differential electricity prices in the previous year in January each year.

If you like this article, you can see more stocks, disk trend analysis and investment skills on Moore Financial APP or moer.cn, the official website of Moore Financial, and you can also search for Moore Financial on Sina Weibo, WeChat WeChat official account and today’s headlines and pay attention to it.

Xinhua News Agency reported on June 13th that Philippine President Duterte ordered a 60-day martial law in Mindanao and other areas in the southern Philippines on May 23rd, and the country’s military and police are now fighting fiercely with the anti-government armed forces "Maute" and Abu Sayyaf, which are loyal to the extremist organization "Islamic State" (IS).

The Philippine military revealed that anti-government militants currently control 20% of Malawi, which is twice as much as the 10% mentioned last week. It seems unlikely that the government forces will end this encirclement and suppression in a short time. In addition, since the conflict broke out on May 23, the total number of casualties in Malawi conflict has exceeded 200, and tens of thousands of people have been displaced.

The rebel-controlled area of the Philippines doubled in half a month.

IS, through its propaganda agency Amaq, said that the Philippine military’s action to recover Malawi had "completely failed". It said: "IS militants currently occupy more than two-thirds of Malawi, and the military has become increasingly unable to control the situation."

Padia, a spokesman for the Philippine military, responded yesterday, calling the report by Amak News Agency "pure propaganda".

On June 3, in Malawi, Mindanao, southern Philippines, the Philippine Marine Corps searched along the street (Source: Xinhua News Agency)

Padia just said a week ago that the government forces have recovered 90% of Malawi, and 10% of the anti-government militants are in the city center.

So, how many places do IS militants control in Malawi?

For this question, the answer of West Mindanao Military Command Minister Javiz is: 20%.

He told Reuters: "Among the 96 neighboring districts in Malawi, militants control several commercial districts such as Marinao, Lulute, Mapandi and Pengolo, which account for 20% of the whole Malawi … This range is shrinking every day."

Former Commander-in-Chief of Philippine Army: Insurgents can still enter and leave Malawi at will.

The war in Malawi has entered its fourth week. Yesterday (13th) morning, guns continued to be heard in the city center, and the Philippine military constantly attacked militants with mortars and helicopter machine guns.

Malawi, a city with a majority of Muslims, originally had a population of 200,000. Most of the residents have fled since the armed elements of Ma Wude started the rebellion. The Philippine military estimates that there are still about 1,000 civilians trapped in the city.

Padia said that it is estimated that there are still about 100 militants fighting against government forces, which is much less than the initial 400 to 500 militants; However, due to the complex terrain in the downtown area where the militants are hiding, it is difficult for the government forces to attack, so it is too late to annihilate them all. "The security forces can’t fully attack because there may be civilians in the city, and the militants may use these civilians as human shields."

Biazon, former commander-in-chief of the Philippine Army, said in an interview with ABS-CBN, a Philippine TV station, on Monday (12th) that the main reason why government forces have been unable to regain control of Malawi is that the city’s borders control evacuation, and insurgents can enter and leave the city at will.

As of yesterday (13th), the war has killed 58 security forces and 26 civilians. However, Amak News Agency reported that at least 200 government troops have been killed, and many soldiers have abandoned their weapons and abandoned their posts to escape, so that militants can get weapons "supply".

The militants released prisoners to replenish their troops.

Malawi’s conflict lasted for a long time and the number of casualties exceeded expectations. Many reasons leveled the strength contrast between the two sides and escalated to a fierce battle.

Philippine government forces are not good at urban warfare, but pay attention to field operations, which are smooth with fire support, and often fall short of standards when fire support is insufficient.

Xinhua News Agency reporters have watched the joint exercises between the Philippines and the US military. The combat form is usually supported by rockets and heavy artillery, and the troops are in a state of surprise. However, in this Malawi conflict, in order to avoid causing a large number of civilian casualties, it is difficult for the Philippine government forces to use fire support such as heavy artillery, and even when using fire support, it is necessary to pay attention to prevent accidental injury to friendly troops. In the battle on June 1, the military accidentally bombed during the air raid, killing 11 government soldiers.

The militants are unscrupulous, and there are foreign armed men from Saudi Arabia, Chechnya and other regions, who are familiar with urban warfare. In addition, many members of Abu Sayyaf returned from Afghanistan and are also familiar with urban warfare.

Second, the military underestimated the number of militants. After Isnilon Hapilon and Mute occupied the prison in Malawi, they released the prisoners in the prison and got a lot of manpower to supplement them. In addition, the base of "Mute" organization is in South Lanao Province, where Malawi is located, which is very convenient for reinforcements. It is understood that Hapilon is the main leader of extremist organizations in Southeast Asian countries, and he is also the target of the State Council’s $5 million reward. At least 10 anti-government armed forces in the Philippines have formed an alliance, and Hapilon has served as the leader of the alliance.

Xinhua News Agency: There is hope for calm.

Xinhua News Agency said that although the conflict continued and caused heavy casualties, the situation in the southern Philippines was still different from that in the war-torn Middle East.

First of all,The cooperation between the two anti-government organizations and the Philippine government has made many people see the hope of resolving the conflict..

Under the government’s political offensive, the Moro National Liberation Front, as one of the two major anti-government armed forces in the southern Philippines, announced that it would send 2,000 troops to join the government forces in cracking down on Hapilon and Mute.

Another major anti-government armed force, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, also cooperated with the government and acted as a neutral to mediate between the warring parties during the Malawi conflict.

Secondly, Xinhua News Agency reported that the Philippine military confirmed on June 10 that,The US military has been involved in the anti-terrorism operation in the Philippines.It provided "technical support and intelligence assistance" for the clean-up operations in the Philippines.

Screenshot of Philippine media reports

The Associated Press also reported on June 10th that the Philippine military had "called for help" from the US military, that the US ground troops had entered the urban area of Malawi, and that the US Navy’s P-3C patrol aircraft began to be stationed over Malawi. Mindanao, where Malawi is located, is a region with fierce ethnic and religious contradictions. Previously, the US military had deployed special forces in Mindanao for a long time to help the Philippine government control the regional situation.

However, there are still doubts about whether the US military will send ground troops. Philippine military spokesman Joe Al Herrera said at a press conference held in Malawi on the 10th that the US special forces provided "technical support" to the Philippine military, but did not participate in ground operations.

On June 6th, as part of the anti-terrorism assistance program to the Philippines, the US special forces handed over hundreds of weapons and equipment such as machine guns, pistols and grenade launchers to the Philippine Marine Corps, which also confirmed the activity of the US special forces in the southern Philippines.

In addition, the rapid rise of extremist organizations in the southern Philippines was also related to the political situation in the Philippines. At the end of former President Aquino III’s administration, the Basic Law of Bangsamoro, which was highly anticipated by many southern Muslims, failed to be passed in Congress, which angered many centrists and some moderate Muslims and led to the pursuit of armed independence of extremist organizations.

At present, the federalism promoted by the current Philippine President Duterte will give Muslims more rights and effectively attract them to adopt cooperative ways to solve problems.In view of the fact that the main forces in the southern Philippines have no action or will to intensify the conflict, it is difficult for Abu Sayyaf and Mut to fish in troubled waters and take advantage of the situation..

However, it IS worth noting that IS is increasing its investment in the southern Philippines. Indonesian Defense Minister Ryacudu said on the 4th that according to Indonesia’s information, there are about 1,200 IS members active in the Philippines.

Prevent Philippine terrorists from infiltrating Indonesia and plan to build more military bases on outlying islands.

Recently, the threat of terrorISm faced by Southeast Asian countries is increasing day by day. Countries are worried that IS, which was defeated by the United States-led Coalition forces in Iraq and Syria, may move to Southeast Asia and establish a new base in Mindanao, which will threaten the security of the whole Southeast Asia.

To this end, the Indonesian military and police have also stepped up their security alert.

According to Xinhua News Agency on the 11th, in order to prevent the infiltration of terrorists, Indonesia, a country of thousands of islands, announced on the 8th that it would build more military bases on outlying islands, including Morotai Island near Mindanao in the southern Philippines.

The Jakarta Post reported that Gato Nurman Tiyo, commander of Indonesian armed forces, said that the military would build a military base on Morotai Island in the northern part of Maluku province, aiming at preventing terrorists from fleeing into the country in the southern Philippines. He added that after the new military base is built, the equipment will be gradually transported there.

Indonesian antara News Agency quoted President Joko as saying that the construction of the military base on Morotai Island will be gradually advanced. Indonesia is building a military base on Grand Natuna Island in Riau Islands province. Zoco said: "At present, our focus is on the military base on Grand Natuna Island. After the completion of this project, we will focus on building the military base on Morotai Island."

The fuse of Malawi conflict

Xinhua News Agency reported that on May 23rd, local military and police in Malawi began to search for the leader of the anti-government organization Abu Sayyaf, Hapilon. Hapilon IS an important target on the State Council’s most wanted list and an important agent of IS in the southern Philippines.

To the surprise of the military and police, an arrest operation quickly escalated into a large-scale conflict: armed elements led by Hapilon occupied important institutions such as the municipal government, prisons, hospitals and churches, and kidnapped citizens as hostages; The Army’s 103rd Brigade barracks stationed outside Malawi were also attacked by the anti-government armed group Mute, an ally of Hapilon who had sworn allegiance to IS.

At the beginning of the conflict, militants occupied a considerable advantage, and even set up cards in the streets to intercept and kill local police. However, with the arrival of reinforcements from the Philippine government forces, the situation changed, the militants were gradually compressed into part of the city, and the exits of Malawi were blocked by government forces.

According to Philippine Defense Minister Lorenzana, the militants came from four organizations, of which 250 to 300 people participated in the war. Abu Sayyaf militants led by Hapilon are relatively capable, with 50 to 100 people; There are 80 reinforcements from two other rebels.

After 21 days of fighting, according to official statistics, 58 people were killed in government forces, 138 in militants and at least 20 civilians. At present, a small number of militants are trapped within three blocks by government forces, holding civilians hostage and dying.

Why is it easier to buy a car than to maintain it? The main reason is that most car owners don’t know the replacement cycle of maintenance parts and when they need to check and replace them, which leads to a lot of money wasted.

Today, we will talk about the maintenance cycle of auto parts in detail!

Oil article

First, the oil

1. Mineral engine oil, time period: 6 months; Mileage cycle: 5000Km

2. synthetic engine oil, time period: 8 months; Mileage cycle: 8000Km~10000Km

PS: Time and mileage shall come first.

And mileage shall come first.

Second, antifreeze

Time period: 2 years; Mileage cycle: 40000Km

PS: mainly based on time.

Third, brake oil

Time period: 2 years; Mileage cycle: 60000Km

PS: It is greatly influenced by environmental humidity.

Fourth, the booster oil

Time period: 3 years; Mileage cycle: 100000Km

PS: it can be used for a long time.

V. Transmission oil

1. Manual transmission oil, time period: 5 years; Mileage cycle: 100000Km

2, automatic transmission oil, time period: 3 years; Mileage cycle: 60000Km

PS: Time and mileage shall come first.

Accessories article

I. Mechanical filtration, air filtration and air conditioning filtration

1. Oil filter element, time period: same as oil; Mileage cycle: same as engine oil

2. Air filter element, time period: 1 year; Mileage cycle: 10000Km

3. Air conditioning filter element, time period: 1 year; Mileage cycle: 20000Km (replacement in alternate seasons)

Second, the gasoline filter

1. Built-in gasoline filter, time period: 5 years; Mileage cycle: 100000Km

2. External gasoline filter, time period: 1 year; Mileage cycle: 10000Km

PS: Time and mileage shall come first.

Third, the spark plug

1. Ordinary spark plug of EFI machine, mileage cycle: 30000Km.

2. Platinum spark plug of EFI machine, mileage cycle: 60000Km.

3. Ordinary spark plug of direct injection machine, mileage cycle: 20000Km.

4. Platinum spark plug of direct injection machine, mileage cycle: 40000Km.

Fourth, brake pads

1. Automatic transmission model, mileage cycle: 20000Km.

2. Manual transmission model, mileage cycle: 30000Km.

V. Battery

Time period: 3 years

Sixth, tires

Time period: 5 years; Mileage cycle: 40000Km tire transposition

PS: mainly based on time period.

Major maintenance

1 major maintenance contents:

Major maintenance refers to the routine maintenance of replacing oil and oil filter, air filter and gasoline filter at the time or mileage specified by the manufacturer.

2 The necessity of major maintenance:

Major maintenance is based on minor maintenance. In addition to oil and oil filter, air filter and gasoline filter are added to the replaced skin care products. These two kinds of filter elements play the role of filtering dust in the air and impurities in gasoline respectively. The normal operation of the engine is based on the rational use of various skin care products. If the third filter of engine oil is not replaced in time after reaching the service life, it will have a bad influence on the engine performance.

3 major maintenance intervals:

Large maintenance is based on the existence of small maintenance. Generally, these two kinds of maintenance are carried out alternately. The interval varies from car brand to car brand. Please refer to the manufacturer’s recommendation for details.

4 items under maintenance:

1. Engine oil

Engine oil is the lubricating oil for engine operation. It can play a role in lubricating, cleaning, cooling, sealing and reducing wear of the engine. It is of great significance to reduce the wear of engine parts and prolong the service life.

2. Oil filter element

The oil filter element is a component for filtering oil. Engine oil contains a certain amount of colloid, impurities, moisture and additives; In the process of engine operation, the metal chips produced by the friction of various components, impurities in the inhaled air, oil oxides, etc. are all the objects of oil filter element filtration. If the oil directly enters the oil circuit without filtering, it will have an adverse impact on the performance and life of the engine.

3. Air filter element

When the engine is working, it will suck in a lot of air. If the air is not filtered, the dust in it will accelerate the wear of the piston group and cylinder. Larger particles enter between the piston and the cylinder, which will also cause serious "cylinder pulling" phenomenon. The function of the air filter element is to filter out dust and particles in the air and ensure that sufficient and clean air enters the cylinder.

4. Gasoline filter element

The function of the gasoline filter element is to provide clean fuel for the engine and filter out the moisture and impurities of gasoline. So as to optimize the performance of the engine and provide the best protection for the engine.

In a word, the maintenance of vehicles is very important, which can not only bring safety guarantee to the owners of vehicles, but also improve the residual value rate of vehicles. So don’t be afraid of trouble in vehicle maintenance.

About car maintenance, welcome to exchange private messages.