In the name of environmental protection, a mass incident against garbage incineration plants occurred in Hangzhou yesterday. On the morning of May 10th, people in Zhongtai Township and its vicinity in Yuhang District gathered on a large scale because of their opposition to the site selection of Zhongtai Waste Incineration Plant. A few people misled the masses to block high-speed burning vehicles and besieged the police and innocent passers-by.
The Yuhang District People’s Court, the People’s Procuratorate, the Public Security Bureau and the Judicial Bureau subsequently issued an important notice, demanding that the criminals who gathered people to block traffic, destroy public and private property, commit crimes and injure people, and create and spread rumors turn themselves in. At present, Yuhang Public Security Bureau has published two batches of photos of criminal suspects.
On the afternoon of 11th, Hangzhou held a press conference to announce "5• Xu Liyi, member of the Standing Committee of Hangzhou Municipal Committee and executive deputy mayor, said that the people’s right to know must be ensured throughout the whole process, and this project must be made into a project that can obtain the greatest common denominator. Yuhang District said that the project will not start without completing the legal procedures and obtaining everyone’s understanding and support.
Hangzhou Yuhang Zhongtai Waste Incineration Plant Project triggered a gathering protest. The picture shows the video screenshot of the event site.
Subsequently, the reporter contacted the Office of the Leading Group for the Construction Promotion of Jiu Feng Waste Incineration Project. For the Jiu Feng Project, the relevant person in charge gave 36 questions and 36 answers to answer the questions in the hearts of the citizens.
It is understood that these 36 questions answered the public’s concerns about why Hangzhou should build new garbage disposal facilities, why it should choose garbage incineration, why it should choose Jiu Feng, the surrounding water sources and the environment.
In addition, it also answered how developed countries deal with municipal waste, waste incineration treatment process, how to solve key problems in waste incineration treatment and how to supervise it.
Jiu Feng waste incineration project: 36 questions and 36 answers.
1. Why should Hangzhou build a new waste incineration plant?
In recent years, the annual growth rate of urban garbage in Hangzhou is around 10%. In 2013, the domestic garbage treatment capacity in Hangzhou reached 3.08 million tons, with an average daily average of 8,456 tons. The design scale of Tianziling landfill is 2,671 tons/day, and the maximum daily landfill capacity this year has reached 5,408 tons, more than double the design capacity; If there is still no new garbage terminal disposal capacity, it is estimated that it can only be used for another 5 years. It is urgent to build a new waste incineration plant.
2. Why choose garbage incineration?
Garbage incineration is a mature technology at home and abroad, which can effectively realize the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of domestic garbage. Incineration is one of the main methods of garbage disposal recommended by the Technical Guide of Domestic Waste Incineration by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. From the domestic large cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and even abroad, incineration is the mainstream way of garbage disposal. Garbage incineration has a history of more than 100 years in the world, with relatively perfect management norms and relatively mature and reliable technology. However, the landfill method has some defects and shortcomings, such as occupying more land and difficult to treat leachate. Incineration has the advantages of good volume reduction effect, complete harmlessness and high resource utilization rate.
3. Why did you choose Jiu Feng?
According to the total amount, location and existing treatment technology of municipal solid waste in our city, the garbage disposal in Hangzhou is divided into five blocks: "East, West, North and South". At present, there is only one waste incineration plant in the western area, but due to the early construction time and the increasing population in the west of the city, it is now in an overloaded state, and its processing capacity cannot keep up with the waste production in the western area, and it is impossible to expand in situ. Therefore, it is urgent to build a new garbage incineration plant.
The proposed site of Jiu Feng Waste Incineration Power Plant was originally a mine pit, which is relatively far away from residential areas in the valley and is a relatively suitable location in the western area.
4. What is the planned scale of Jiu Feng Waste Incineration Power Plant?
Jiu Feng Waste Incineration Power Plant is designed to handle 3,000 tons of domestic waste every day.
5. What are the main components of Jiu Feng waste incineration power plant?
Jiu Feng waste incineration power plant is mainly composed of waste receiving and storage system, waste incineration system, waste heat boiler system, flue gas purification system and sewage treatment system. International advanced incinerator technology and automatic combustion control system (ACC) will be selected; The mature and reliable flue gas purification process of "SNCR+ (semi-dry method+dry method) deacidification+activated carbon injection+bag filter+＋SCR＋+activated carbon adsorption device" will be adopted, and the emission index will reach and some indicators will be stricter than the EU 2000 standard.
6. What are the main ways to deal with urban garbage in developed countries?
At present, the main treatment method of domestic waste in advanced cities in developed countries is incineration, especially in cities with scarce land resources, developed economy and large population. According to statistics, at present, there are more than 1,000 domestic waste incineration plants in 35 developed countries and regions, mainly distributed in Europe, Japan, the United States and other developed countries and regions. There are hundreds of incineration plants in 19 countries of the European Union. Although the United States has a vast land, there are still hundreds of garbage incineration plants.
7. How to prevent waste gas from waste incineration?
During the operation of waste incineration power plant, the combustion conditions (such as furnace temperature higher than 850℃, flue gas residence time longer than 2 seconds, turbulent flow of flue gas and moderate excess oxygen) should be controlled to ensure the complete decomposition of dioxins and other organic substances.
Incineration plants should install all kinds of effective tail gas treatment equipment, such as bag dust removal, adsorption of harmful substances by activated carbon, etc., so that the emission of waste incineration tail gas pollutants can meet the specified standards.
8. How to ensure that the incinerator temperature is above 850 degrees Celsius?
The internationally advanced and mature incineration technology of garbage incinerator is selected, and the automatic combustion control system (ACC) and combustion-supporting guarantee system are adopted.
9. What is the standard for incineration of dioxin in garbage?
Dioxin can be controlled by advanced technology. The planned Jiu Feng waste incineration power plant will adopt advanced incineration technology and flue gas emission control technology, and the tail gas emission will refer to the more stringent EU 2000 standard, that is, the emission concentration of dioxins will be controlled below 0.1ngTEQ/Nm3 (the current control standard of dioxins in waste incineration tail gas in China is 1.0ngTEQ/Nm3).
10. Can waste incineration power generation reduce dioxins?
Power generation by garbage incineration is an efficient process of harmless garbage treatment and resource utilization, and it is the most effective method for large-scale garbage treatment.
Foreign research also shows that the dioxin emitted by 1 ton of garbage burning in the open air or spontaneous combustion in landfill is thousands of times that emitted by the same amount of garbage through modern incineration. According to the report of the environment department of the European Union, when celebrating the new millennium in London, fireworks were set off for four or five minutes, and the dioxin emitted was equivalent to the 100-year dioxin emission of a 1,400-ton incineration plant in south London. Therefore, modern garbage incineration power generation is actually a measure to reduce dioxin emissions.
11. How is the odor of garbage incineration plant controlled?
All garbage sent to the garbage incineration power plant is transported directly in a sealed way to prevent spillage, dripping and odor escape; Strict sealing measures are taken, the garbage storage bin is always kept in a negative pressure state, and the air from the garbage storage bin is pumped into the incinerator for combustion to ensure that the odor will not escape.
12. How is the landfill leachate treated?
Leachate will be produced during the temporary storage of garbage in the garbage storage bin. The garbage incineration power plant will simultaneously build a garbage leachate treatment system, which can treat the garbage leachate to the standard of reclaimed water reuse, and the treated reclaimed water will be used for cooling the generator set, so as to finally realize zero discharge of garbage leachate. The waste incineration power plant only discharges part of the treated reclaimed water to the sewage pipe network in case of emergency.
13. How to supervise the operation of waste incineration power plant?
In the daily supervision work, all production links and pollutant emissions, such as garbage metering, chemical consumption, incineration temperature, flue gas emission, ash and leachate treatment, are taken as the monitoring focus, and the continuous monitoring data of flue gas emission are networked with the environmental protection department in real time, and authoritative monitoring institutions are entrusted to conduct regular sampling inspections on major pollutants such as flue gas and sewage discharge. A large-screen electronic display screen is set at the door to display data such as smoke, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide online, and accept social supervision. In addition to the above measures, after the Jiu Feng Waste Incineration Plant is completed and put into operation, the surrounding residents will be invited to enter the plant as environmental protection volunteers to monitor the production process and emissions of waste incineration at any time.
14. Domestic garbage contains a lot of water. Can it be burned thoroughly?
The moisture content of domestic garbage is high, and the garbage entering the incineration plant should be piled up and drained according to the strict stacking method, and stay in the garbage storage bin for 5-7 days to basically drain the water. In the process of draining water, garbage is naturally fermented continuously. The main components of organic matter in garbage are kitchen garbage, such as vegetable leaves, melon peels and fruit shells, which are easily decomposed and rotted by microorganisms, and can quickly produce volatile fatty acids and combustible biogas in anaerobic environment, which is beneficial to combustion.
15. How is the domestic garbage managed when it enters the incineration power plant?
After the domestic garbage enters the incineration power plant through a closed transfer vehicle, it first enters a relatively large garbage storage bin, then the garbage is specially and orderly stacked, drained, and then burned in an incinerator. Strict sealing measures shall be taken for the garbage storage bin to ensure that the odor will not escape. In addition, according to the seasonal changes, garbage will be disinfected in a timely manner, such as sprinkling lime powder and spraying disinfectant. Leachate seeping out after garbage stacking should also be specially treated.
16, garbage incineration plant in equipment maintenance, how to deal with garbage?
The waste incineration power plant will have an equipment repair period every year, but the repair period will not affect the garbage disposal. Generally, each garbage incineration power plant will be equipped with multiple incinerators, which can be carried out in turn during maintenance. The garbage incineration equipment runs reliably, which can run for at least 8,000 hours every year, and can realize planned maintenance. Even if the equipment of the whole plant stops completely, the garbage storage bin can still prevent the odor from spreading by putting lime powder and turning on the deodorizing device.
17. How to solve the leakage during garbage transportation?
Garbage transportation will rely on compressed, sealed, practical, environmentally friendly and beautiful transportation vehicles. After the garbage is transported to the incineration plant by clean direct trucks, it will be directly put into the garbage storage bin in the unloading hall. It is realized in the process of clean and direct transportation of garbage: garbage does not fall to the ground, garbage is not exposed, and there is no leakage along the way.
18. How are foreign waste incineration power plants updated?
The waste incineration treatment in developed countries started early. With the continuous development of technology, the original incineration plant equipment is backward and aging, and it is in urgent need of upgrading. Therefore, the small-scale waste incineration plants built in the early stage were closed and replaced by large-scale waste incineration plants with higher pollution control level, and the total amount and proportion of incineration treatment were increasing.
19. After the completion of the waste incineration power plant in Jiu Feng, will it cause traffic congestion on the first line of Tianmushan Road and Wenyi West Road? What about the traffic diversion scheme?
First, from the current traffic situation, the traffic flow on Tianmushan Road is in a stable state, with a little pressure during the morning and evening rush hours; 02 Provincial Highway and Wenyi West Road are in good traffic condition.
Secondly, from the traffic flow characteristics, there is a certain tidal traffic phenomenon in the morning and evening rush hours of Tianmushan Road, and the transportation characteristics of garbage removal by garbage trucks are basically opposite to the tidal traffic phenomenon, so garbage truck transportation will not affect the existing traffic.
Thirdly, from the perspective of traffic organization scheme, garbage transport vehicles can stagger the main time and mainstream direction of urban traffic through reasonable traffic organization, thus reducing the traffic pressure in the morning and evening rush hours.
Fourthly, from the perspective of road planning, Tianmushan Road is an urban expressway, and Xixi Road is about to complete renovation. Road capacity will be greatly improved.
Based on the above factors, the project will not cause traffic congestion and affect citizens’ travel.
20. Will it affect the environment of water sources such as Xianlin Reservoir?
Will not affect, all sewage (including landfill leachate, washing water, production and living wastewater) of the proposed project will be treated to realize reclaimed water reuse and zero emission. Even in the case of emergency discharge, it is discharged to the municipal sewage treatment plant through the municipal sewage pipe after reaching the standard. It has nothing to do with water bodies in water sources such as Xianlin Reservoir; After treatment, the waste gas is discharged up to the standard, which will not have adverse effects on the surrounding environment such as Xianlin Reservoir.
21. How to conduct the EIA before construction? Can the public participate in on-site supervision?
In the process of project approval, construction and operation, the public can participate in supervision. After the project establishment and planning and site selection are determined, the environmental assessment shall be carried out according to the relevant information provided by the construction unit and the technical specifications and procedures of the environmental impact assessment guidelines; There is public participation in the preparation stage of EIA. At this stage, the opinions of the surrounding people will be solicited, and the public can fully express their opinions and suggestions.
22. How to maintain the negative pressure of the garbage storage bin?
After the garbage enters, it will be discharged into the sealed garbage storage bin, and the negative pressure function will ensure that the odor will not escape. The wall of the garbage storage bin is provided with an exhaust port, and the primary and secondary air required for garbage incineration are extracted from the storage bin, thus ensuring the negative pressure function of the garbage storage bin.
23. How to evaluate whether garbage incineration is complete?
After garbage and other wastes are incinerated, it is necessary to evaluate the incineration effect to judge whether the incineration effect is good or not. At home and abroad, the burning loss rate is used to evaluate the incineration effect. The scorch loss rate of slag refers to the percentage of the slag produced by burning garbage kept at (600 25)℃ for 3 hours, and the reduced mass after cooling to room temperature accounts for the original slag mass after drying at room temperature. In this project, the garbage will be fully burned in the incinerator through advanced technology and equipment, and the burning loss rate of the burned slag is less than 3%.
24, waste incineration plant, the most important thing is the treatment of waste gas out of the chimney, what scheme?
This project is going to adopt the flue gas purification scheme of "SNCR+ semi-dry method+dry injection+activated carbon injection+bag filter +SCR+ activated carbon adsorption". According to the garbage incineration power plants that have been operated at home and abroad, "SNCR+ semi-dry method+dry injection+activated carbon injection+bag filter" has been able to meet the EU 2000 flue gas emission standard.
Multi-stage purification treatment will be adopted for the flue gas generated by garbage combustion before it goes out of the chimney. Various acidic gases and particulate pollutants, as well as dioxins and heavy metals, will be removed by spraying misty ammonia water, lime water spray, activated carbon spray, bag dust collector and other measures and equipment. Finally, the smoke discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney is mainly composed of carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor and nitrogen.
25. How many cubic meters/hour is the designed flue gas discharge?
There are four incineration lines designed for this project, and the flue gas emission of each incineration line is about 150,000 standard cubic meters per hour.
26, dust bag is very easy to wear and tear, and a large number, how do you replace the bag in time after it breaks? How long will it take to replace it? What is the design temperature of the dust removal room?
There are a large number of cloth bags in the dust collector, and the damaged cloth bags can be found in time through monitoring data, and they can be replaced online immediately after being found (the replacement work can be completed in 2-3 hours), without affecting the flue gas purification treatment. Continuous working temperature of filter bag ≤ 250℃。
27, the main equipment maintenance cycle is how long?
The maintenance cycle of main equipment is once every 3-4 months. There are four incineration lines designed for this project, which will be overhauled by turns during actual production, and will not affect the garbage disposal of the whole plant.
28. How is the fly ash after garbage incineration treated?
Fly ash belongs to hazardous waste, which is chelated and solidified in the factory. After passing the test, it is sent to the landfill for safe landfill.
29. How to deal with the slag after garbage incineration?
According to national standards, slag is general waste, not hazardous waste, and can be comprehensively utilized, such as brick making.
30. How to ensure 850 degrees? How to ensure full combustion?
After the garbage is transported into the incineration plant, it will be piled up and fermented in the closed garbage storage bin (to increase the heat value of garbage), and then it will be incinerated in the incinerator. The automatic combustion control system is adopted for combustion control. If the temperature of the furnace is monitored to be lower than 850℃, the combustion-supporting system will be automatically started to support combustion to ensure the temperature of the furnace. At present, the furnace temperature of grate incinerators at home and abroad can generally be kept at 900-1000℃ for a long time.
31. How to implement supervision?
Jiu Feng waste incineration power plant will adopt first-class design, first-class technology and first-class equipment. In order to ensure the first-class management after the completion of the project, the mode of "daily four-layer supervision and residents’ supervision at any time" is determined in supervision. The first floor is the government level. The industry management department conducts regular and irregular on-site inspections to see real-time monitoring. The environmental protection department also monitors the flue gas online and announces it to the outside. The electronic screen installed at the gate releases data in real time. The second level is the public level. People nearby are hired as environmental protection supervisors, who can visit the factory at any time. The third layer is enterprise self-discipline, and citizens can make an appointment to visit at any time to see the whole process of garbage incineration. The fourth layer is third-party supervision, and government departments will hire professional institutions with relevant testing qualifications to monitor and supervise the operation of the factory.
32. What is the relationship between garbage classification and incineration? Do foreign incineration plants classify garbage before incineration? The Hangzhou Urban Management Committee once proposed that it should not be sorted in place and not burned. How to explain this?
Better classification is beneficial to incineration, but it is not a prerequisite for incineration. Practice has proved that whether garbage can be burned or not depends mainly on the calorific value of garbage and the control of combustion process. From the incineration technology, when the low calorific value of the garbage into the furnace is more than 1000Kcal/kg, the incinerator can control the combustion condition well. However, the statistics of the incineration plants currently operating in Hangzhou show that the low calorific value of the garbage into the furnace is 1200 ~1800Kcal/kg, and there is no problem in incineration technology.
Garbage classification is an important way to recycle and reduce. Through garbage classification, the effective utilization of various components in garbage can be realized, the amount of garbage that needs to be incinerated can be reduced from the source, and the calorific value of incinerated garbage can be increased, which is more conducive to incineration.
The website of Hangzhou Urban Management Committee mentioned that "garbage incineration should adhere to four principles", that is, no sorting in place, no incineration in full, no openness and transparency, and no incineration with unfair compensation. It only quoted the report of Oriental Morning Post on December 6, 2009. At present, Hangzhou is working hard to promote the research on social waste classification, financial security, public supervision and feedback mechanism, which is the best proof of action.
33. What is dioxin?
Dioxins are the general names of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. It refers to not a single substance, but two categories of 210 organic compounds with similar structures and properties, including many congeners or isomers.
34. How to monitor dioxins?
The detection of dioxins in flue gas adopts "high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry" for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The detection of dioxins in flue gas belongs to trace analysis (a combined analysis method in which the content of substances is below one million). The detection includes three steps: sampling, sample pretreatment and determination.
During the operation of incineration plant, the production of dioxins can be predicted and controlled by monitoring combustion temperature, carbon monoxide content and smoke concentration (carbon monoxide and smoke concentration are related to dioxin concentration).
35. How to evaluate the harm of flue gas discharged up to standard?
When the garbage incineration power plant is in normal operation, the ambient air quality can meet the standard requirements, so it is safe for people to be in such ambient air.
36. What is "neighborhood avoidance" and what are its manifestations?
The so-called neighborhood ism, which means "Not In My Back Yard" in English, refers to the opposition of community residents to the urban public facilities with negative externalities located in their own communities. It is a new social phenomenon that appears with the development and transformation of urban economy and society, and has been widely concerned in China in recent years.
As a trend of thought that has a wide influence on the world environmentalism, the biggest feature of "neighborhood avoidance" is that while the public opposes the construction of projects and facilities in its surrounding areas, it does not resist the use of project products or services, that is, as long as it does not produce such products or services around its own home, it can meet the needs of "neighborhood avoidance". The starting point of "NIMBY" is not to improve the overall environmental quality, but only to improve the local environment and safety quality related to itself. As a direct result, "NIMBY" eventually becomes a tool for regional competition and game, that is, by refusing the landing of production projects and facilities with certain environmental and safety risks and objectively transferring them to other regions, so that the local people can enjoy the benefits brought by similar production in other regions while avoiding the corresponding production and facility risks.
In view of "neighborhood avoidance", it is not a complete solution for a country or a region to blindly escape. The key is that we really establish and implement a set of social participation and communication mechanisms to resist environmental risks and a sound market governance system in the whole society. It is believed that as long as the decision-making process is transparent, multiple subjects are allowed to participate in the discussion and evaluation together, the greatest common denominator is obtained, and the interests and needs of all parties are fully taken care of, the worldwide problem of "avoiding difficulties by neighbors" is expected to be solved.