Since the end of October, the temperature in Shaanxi has been unusually high, the hottest record in the same period since 1961. Recently, Xi ‘an has ushered in a sharp cooling, and the lowest temperature is almost 0 degrees. The weather is hot and cold, and the number of children with respiratory diseases such as mycoplasma infection has increased significantly. What circumstances need to go to the hospital? What can community health service centers do? On November 8, the headline reporter of Western Network Shaanxi interviewed relevant experts.
Patients in community hospitals
What is mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Doctor: The smallest microorganism between bacteria and viruses that can live independently can spread through droplets and direct contact.
Zhao Xinbin, director of Huanxi Community Health Service Center in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an, told reporters that Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the smallest microorganism that can live independently between bacteria and viruses. It has no cell wall structure, such as bacteria without a "coat". 75% alcohol and chlorine-containing disinfectants (such as 84 disinfectant) can kill Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
"Mycoplasma pneumoniae is contagious, mainly transmitted by droplets and direct contact. The incubation period is generally 1 to 3 weeks. Infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae does not necessarily develop into pneumonia, and mycoplasma pharyngitis and mycoplasma bronchitis may occur. " Zhao Xinbin said.
Zhao Xinbin said that mycoplasma pneumonia is common in school-age children. If the child has high fever for more than 3 days, persistent irritating dry cough, poor mental state or rapid breathing, and poor complexion after mycoplasma infection, it is necessary to be alert to mycoplasma pneumonia and must seek medical treatment.
Children in community hospitals
What are the symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? What should I do if I have suspected symptoms?
Doctor: Mild patients show moderate fever, irritating dry cough and inconspicuous lung signs.
What are the symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? Zhao Xinbin said that patients with mild mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are characterized by moderate fever, irritating dry cough, inconspicuous lung signs, and faint cloud-like changes in chest X-rays. They can take oral medication at home, and should pay attention to observing the improvement of fever and cough. If they get worse or continue to get worse, they need to go to the hospital for follow-up in time to avoid aggravation and delay treatment.
"If the child has persistent high fever, severe cough and poor mental appetite, he may be seriously ill and need hospitalization." Zhao Xinbin reminded that during the home treatment, parents must pay attention to let the children have more rest, keep the room at a comfortable temperature and humidity, eat a small amount of meals, eat nutritious and digestible food, drink plenty of water, open the window regularly every day for ventilation, and keep the indoor air fresh.
"In view of the fact that Mycoplasma pneumoniae has no cell wall, commonly used penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics are ineffective against Mycoplasma." Macrolide antibiotics, such as roxithromycin and azithromycin, are currently the first choice for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
How to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in daily life?
Doctor: Develop good personal hygiene habits, wear a mask and take good protection.
Zhao Xinbin told reporters that at present, there is no vaccine to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. To prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the most important thing is to develop good personal hygiene habits, try to avoid going to crowded and poorly ventilated public places, and wear masks to protect yourself.
"Cover your nose and mouth with paper towels when coughing or sneezing, or cover it with elbows or sleeves, and throw the used paper towels into the covered trash can." Zhao Xinbin said that at the same time, we should pay attention to hand hygiene and use soap and hand sanitizer to clean and wash our hands under flowing water. If there is no running water, wipe and disinfect your hands with antibacterial hand gel containing alcohol. Pay attention to indoor ventilation for at least 30 minutes at a time to keep the air fresh.
In addition, we should also develop healthy living habits, exercise moderately, increase physical resistance, and pay attention to keeping warm to avoid catching cold. Schools, kindergartens and other key places should pay attention to ventilation and disinfection, do a good job in daily cleaning, strengthen health monitoring, and avoid cluster infection.
What can community health service centers do to deal with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children?
Doctor: Most patients can be cured after standardized treatment in outpatient department.
Li Xiaodong, director of Beiguan Community Health Service Center in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an, told reporters that recently, many patients with mycoplasma infection come to see a doctor every day, and most of them can be cured after standardized treatment in the outpatient department, and only about 4% of the total patients need hospitalization.
"Mycoplasma pneumonia is not an incurable disease. For upper respiratory tract infection caused by mycoplasma, it can be treated by oral drugs." Li Xiaodong said that if it is a lower respiratory tract infection, the diagnosis is mycoplasma pneumonia, and the symptoms have not been alleviated for 3-5 days, and the treatment effect of conventional oral drugs is not good, it is necessary to take intravenous drugs or choose other anti-mycoplasma drugs.
"These can be achieved in community health service centers. For patients with mild illness who need hospitalization, we have opened inpatient beds. If it is really necessary to transfer to higher-level hospitals, we will arrange them in time." Li Xiaodong said that, on the whole, most patients can get better treatment in outpatient department, more than 80% patients can be cured by oral medication, and only a few patients need infusion and hospitalization.
In addition, in order to make a rapid diagnosis, eight inspectors in the central laboratory take turns to carry out rapid detection of mycoplasma antibodies, and pharmacies are equipped with drugs for treating mycoplasma with various specifications to adapt to different groups of patients; In order to do a good job in outpatient infusion, the service time was extended from 8: 00-18: 00 to 20: 00 for infusion treatment, and transfusion chair was upgraded to expand the infusion area.
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