标签： 上海后花园交友论坛

　　From May 1st, China will reduce the proportion of urban workers’ pension insurance rates, which is expected to reduce the social security payment burden of enterprises by more than 300 billion yuan in 2019. However, the shortage of social security funds in China has been a hot topic of social concern in recent years. On April 10th, the China Academy of Social Sciences World Social Security Research Center released the "China Pension Actuarial Report 2019-2050", which even predicted that from 2019 to 2050, the current balance of the national urban enterprise employees’ basic old-age insurance fund will begin to accelerate diving after barely maintaining a positive number for several years, and the deficit scale will become larger and larger. By 2028, the current balance will be negative for the first time, reaching negative 118.13 billion yuan, and finally by 2050, the current balance may reach negative 11.28 trillion yuan.

　　In the case of such a tight fund, the state still reduces the old-age insurance rate for urban workers. People can’t help worrying that pensions are already so tight, and they have to pay less. Can pensions be paid after retirement?

　　Social security rates have fallen for five consecutive years, and enterprises still shout that the burden is heavy.

　　In recent years, "China’s social insurance rate is the highest in the world" has been frequently reported in newspapers. Although the official response is that "the level of social insurance premium in one country cannot be simply compared among countries", it is an indisputable fact that the social security burden of enterprises and employees in China is too heavy. Before 2015, the contribution ratio of five social security items in China, including pension, medical care, unemployment, work injury and maternity, was 29.8% for enterprises and 11% for individuals, which together exceeded 40% of wages. Most workers are used to measuring their salary level according to the after-tax standard. Based on the monthly salary of 4,000 yuan, the actual cost of the enterprise is more than 7,400 yuan, except taxes and fees, provident fund, etc., a large part of which are social security contributions. In order to reduce the social security burden, many enterprises will make some small moves in private when reporting the social security payment base to the social security department, and "low payment" has even become an open secret of the industry. Although this can temporarily play the role of paying less, it will also lead to the reduction of social security benefits for future employees.

　　In order to reduce the social security burden of enterprises and individuals, since 2015, the state has reduced or phased down the social security rate five times. For example, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) whose unit contribution ratio is 20% and whose accumulated fund balance can be paid for more than 9 months can reduce the unit contribution ratio to 19% in stages; The total rate of unemployment insurance can be reduced to 1% to 1.5% in stages. It is estimated that the current phased rate reduction policy will expire on April 30 this year, which will reduce the social security payment burden of enterprises by nearly 500 billion yuan. However, even so, these fee reductions of only one or two percentage points still make enterprises feel "not quenching their thirst". In particular, the "Reform Plan for the Collection and Management System of National Taxation and Local Taxation" promulgated last year proposed that social security would be collected by the tax authorities in a unified way, and it would be very difficult to pay social security at a low level, which means the arrival of the era of social security compliance. As soon as the news came out, it immediately caused an uproar, and enterprises were worried that labor costs would increase substantially. As a result, the voice of social security fee reduction is getting louder and louder.

　　The payment base of old-age insurance at reduced rate has also been adjusted.

　　The "Proposal" issued this time proposes to reduce the contribution ratio of basic old-age insurance units for urban employees, which can be reduced to 16% in provinces above 16%; Continue to reduce unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance rates in stages, and extend the current phased rate reduction policy for another year until April 30, 2020; Adjust the social security payment base policy, and take the average wage of employees in full-caliber urban units weighted by the average wage of employees in urban non-private units and urban private units as the index for checking the upper and lower limits of the employee payment base. Individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees can voluntarily choose an appropriate payment base within a certain range.

　　In addition to reducing the rate, the "Program" also adjusted the payment base policy. According to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the main consideration of this change is that the average wage of employees in full-caliber urban units can more reasonably reflect the actual average wage level of insured persons than the average wage of employees in non-private units stipulated in the original policy, so as to verify the upper and lower limits of individual payment base. The payment base of employees with lower wages can be reduced accordingly and the payment burden can be reduced. Some enterprises, especially some small and micro enterprises or labor-intensive enterprises, many employees pay according to the lower limit of the payment base, and the burden of enterprise payment can be further reduced, which can benefit more.

　　For example, suppose that the average wage of employees in non-private units in a certain area is 6,000 yuan, and the lower limit of the original individual contribution base is 3,600 yuan. If the monthly salary of an employee is 3,000 yuan, the payment amount should be calculated according to the lower limit of the contribution base of 3,600 yuan. After the adjustment of calculation caliber, the average wage of employees in full-caliber urban units is 5,000 yuan, and the lower limit of individual payment base is correspondingly reduced to 3,000 yuan, so the employee can calculate the payment amount according to 3,000 yuan. By comparison, the monthly payment base is reduced by 600 yuan, the proportion of individual payment is 8%, and the monthly payment burden is correspondingly reduced in 48 yuan. If the enterprise determines the unit payment base based on the sum of individual payment bases, the monthly payment base of the enterprise will also be reduced by 600 yuan, and the payment burden can be further reduced.

　　For individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees, after the policy adjustment, not only the average salary is adjusted, the standard is lowered, but also the range of choices is enlarged. Choosing a low base can further reduce the burden of payment, and people with higher incomes can also choose a higher base of payment to improve their retirement pension level. For example, according to the above example, if the employee is employed flexibly, the monthly payment base can be changed from 6,000 yuan to the lower limit of 3,000 yuan, then the monthly payment base will be reduced by 3,000 yuan, and the monthly payment burden will be reduced accordingly in 600 yuan.

　　Increasing accumulated balance will not cause payment risk.

　　Due to the aging of the population, China’s pension insurance funds are facing increasing payment pressure, and the increase in expenditure is higher than the increase in income. Even in some provinces, the current income is not enough, and the risk of fund "bottoming out" is increasingly prominent. The policy introduced this time will reduce the contribution of endowment insurance by 3 percentage points, and the income of endowment insurance funds will definitely decrease, and the funds that are not well-off will inevitably be more nervous. After reducing the old-age insurance rate, whether the old people’s pensions will be affected and whether they can receive full pensions has become the most concerned issue for the insured.

　　In this regard, Yu Jun, deputy director of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that lowering the pension insurance rate will effectively reduce the burden of social security contributions of enterprises, but it will indeed reduce the income of pension funds and increase the pressure on fund revenue and expenditure. However, the overall income of the national pension fund exceeds the expenditure, and the accumulated balance continues to increase. Overall, it will not cause the risk of pension payment and will not affect the timely and full payment of pensions. According to the statistics of the latest annual report, in 2018, the income of the basic endowment insurance fund for enterprise employees was 3.7 trillion yuan, and the expenditure was 3.2 trillion yuan. At the end of 2018, the accumulated balance of the fund was about 4.8 trillion yuan, which has strong support capacity. According to estimates, after the fee reduction, the current balance of payments can still be maintained for some time to come. While ensuring the payment, with the economic and social development, the state will continue to raise the pension level of retirees. At present, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance are organizing and implementing the annual adjustment of the basic pension in 2019 according to the deployment of the State Council, which is the 15th consecutive year to raise the basic pension level of enterprise retirees. The overall increase rate this year is 5%, and it is estimated that about 100 million enterprise retirees will benefit.

　　The central government adjusted 600 billion yuan to solve the problem of regional distribution

　　Judging from the balance of the fund, there is also an obvious "inequality between the rich and the poor" in various places. Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, and Qinghai have already experienced the situation that the current income cannot meet the expenditure. In 2016, the endowment insurance for enterprise employees in Heilongjiang Province even had a "debt" of 23.2 billion yuan. The endowment insurance funds in these provinces are already facing deficits. Now, isn’t it "forced" to lower the rates? Regarding this issue, You Jun said that this is a structural problem of the old-age insurance system. In 2018, the income of China’s enterprise employee pension insurance fund was 3.7 trillion yuan, the expenditure was 3.2 trillion yuan, and the accumulated balance was about 4.8 trillion yuan. However, structural problems do exist. Guangdong’s current income far exceeds its expenditure, with a current balance of nearly 170 billion yuan. However, the fund income in some areas is far lower than the expenditure, including Heilongjiang Province. This is mainly due to the rapid economic development in Guangdong Province, the large number of enterprises, and the absorption of more labor. The ratio of employees who pay insurance contributions to pensioners is 9 to 1. In Heilongjiang Province, because of the heavy burden of the old industrial base, there are many retirees, and the dependency ratio is 1.3 to 1, that is, 1.3 people support one person, so the burden of endowment insurance is naturally heavy, which leads to the fund’s income failing to meet its expenses.

　　"We also considered this time when we reduced the fees. Although individual provinces can’t make ends meet when the rate is 20%, if we don’t reduce the rate, the payment burden of enterprises will be difficult to come down, and the operating costs will be high, which will not attract enterprise investment and absorb more labor. The problem of dependency ratio will never be solved, and it is difficult to escape such a vicious circle. This time, we hope that the local endowment insurance fund will be reduced to 16% regardless of whether the income exceeds the expenditure or the expenditure exceeds the income, which is conducive to the formation of a level playing field. Of course, the specific proportion is still determined by the provinces, which is consistent with the main responsibility of the provincial government to ensure the issuance of pensions. We will intensify the central adjustment of funds. In the second half of last year, the adjustment system started, and the adjustment ratio was 3%. The total amount of funds adjusted reached more than 240 billion yuan, and developed regions or places with fund balances provided about 61 billion yuan to support difficult areas. This year, our adjustment ratio will reach 3.5%. It is estimated that the annual adjustment scale will be more than 600 billion yuan, and the actual support for difficult areas will be about 160 billion yuan, which can greatly help these areas solve the problem of pension payment. " You jun said.

　　Our reporter Dai Lili

　　"The highest commission rate has reached more than 30%, and the competition for customers is fierce, and the rebate is getting higher and higher … …” Business personnel of a large property insurance company revealed that the phenomenon of "vicious competition of commercial auto insurance fees" has risen.

　　In view of the problem of high fee competition in some regions and institutions, the State Financial Supervision and Administration recently issued the Notice on Regulating the Order of the Auto Insurance Market, which started to regulate the order of the auto insurance market from five aspects.

　　Cash back for maintenance

　　Auto insurance "rebate" is strong

　　Over the years, the regulatory authorities have repeatedly applied to rectify the chaos, requiring insurance companies not to engage in unfair competition. Property insurance companies and insurance intermediaries are not allowed to give or promise to give benefits to the insured and the insured other than those stipulated in the insurance contract by returning or giving cash, prepaid cards, securities, insurance products, shopping vouchers, physical objects and points deduction. It is not allowed to illegally pay benefits other than those stipulated in the insurance contract in disguised form by participating in promotional activities organized by other institutions or individuals.

　　Since September 2020, after the comprehensive reform of auto insurance, the auto insurance market has shown a situation of "double decline" in premium price and handling fee rate. However, the phenomenon of "vicious competition in handling fees" in the auto insurance market has risen again this year.

　　Many car owners told Beijing Youth Daily that the "rebate" phenomenon of commercial auto insurance still exists, and the intensity of "rebate" has not diminished. On some social media, there are also insurance company salesmen who issue "rebate" promotions to attract customers.

　　In an interview, Mr. Liu reported that the price of commercial auto insurance has been really cheap in recent years, and it has not been out of danger for six consecutive years. Counting the returned cash of more than 2,000 yuan, it is several hundred cheaper than last year.

　　Ms. Zhang’s private car insurance is about to expire. This month, she has received many phone calls from insurance salesmen, all of whom have given more concessions than the contract quotation. Calculated, the commercial insurance, compulsory insurance and vehicle and vessel use tax totaled 3,791 yuan, which can be returned to 760 yuan after placing an order through the APP. Even a salesman asked someone to give her an account and return it to 100 yuan, and then send it for a maintenance, a paint repair and six car washes. Ms. Zhang said: "I will definitely shop around and see which one offers the best price."

　　Vicious competition for handling fees has risen

　　In the long run, it may affect the interests of consumers.

　　"Now we are faced with a dilemma. The big insurance companies in the head have high profits and sufficient expenses. If they take the lead to grab market share, small and medium-sized insurance companies will lose the market if they don’t follow, and they may not be profitable if they follow." A car insurance business person told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the handling fee rate for compulsory insurance is around 4% and that for commercial insurance is around 15%. In order to grab territory and share, some property insurance companies have given a handling fee rate of over 30% through unfair competition, which has greatly deviated from the reasonable range of auto insurance handling fee rate.

　　These undisclosed fees allow competition, mainly divided into open lines and dark lines. The so-called "open-line" profit-making means that auto insurance sales personnel return part of the commission from sales to customers in order to obtain customers, which is mainly a personal act; The "hidden line" is that insurance companies pay fees to 4S stores, intermediaries and other channels, which are regulated by insurance companies.

　　In fact, this vicious competition for handling fees has not actually fully benefited auto insurance consumers, but has provided opportunities for arbitrage between different channels in the auto insurance market. If the handling fee rate of the intermediary company is higher than other channels, other channels will hang suitable customers in the intermediary company to earn higher handling fees from the insurance company, and finally the two sides can share the difference between the handling fees. In the long run, the vicious competition in the auto insurance market will inevitably affect the interests of consumers.

　　Supervision and rectification of chaos

　　It is required to strengthen the management and control of handling fee accounting.

　　Why do insurance companies still have to seize the market through "rebate" in the case of repeated applications from the regulatory authorities? How can auto insurance companies compete normally?

　　Xu Jianping, vice president of Cheche Technology, said that "exchanging fees for market share" has always been a chronic disease in the property insurance industry.

　　Once large insurance institutions take the lead in grabbing market share under the pressure of performance, other market players will certainly follow suit and quickly lead the market fee competition to heat up, which is likely to return to the eve of comprehensive reform of auto insurance. This vicious competition in handling fees will not only benefit consumers, but also the insurance companies themselves will suffer great losses.

　　From the insurance company’s point of view, the fee competition behavior in the auto insurance market is mainly rooted in the mechanism assessment of the head office. Excessive business growth indicators lead to grassroots buying business at no cost, which directly leads to vicious competition chaos such as charging fees and grabbing orders. It is suggested that insurance companies should standardize their assessment standards and set reasonable business objectives.

　　The vicious competition of handling fees in the auto insurance market has attracted the attention of the regulatory authorities. Recently, the Property Insurance Department of the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau issued the Notice on Regulating the Order of the Auto Insurance Market to guide insurance companies to operate in compliance and prudence.

　　The Notice regulates the order of the auto insurance market from five aspects, including prohibiting insurance companies from blindly fighting for scale and share, and assigning unrealistic premium growth tasks to branches. At the same time, it also requires insurance companies not to deviate from the actuarial pricing basis and sell auto insurance products at a price lower than the cost. Insurance companies are required to strictly control internal control such as expense budget, examination and approval, accounting and auditing, and truthfully allocate various operating and management expenses, and strengthen the management and control of handling fee accounting. Text/Reporter Yan Lishuang Coordinator/Yu Meiying

　　memory

　　The regulatory authorities started to regulate the order of the auto insurance market in five aspects.

　　The Property & Casualty Department of the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau issued the Notice on Regulating the Order of the Auto Insurance Market, and started to regulate the order of the auto insurance market from five aspects.

　　1. Firmly establish the concept of compliance management and strictly implement various regulatory requirements.

　　2. Further strengthen the sense of responsibility and overall situation, and consciously assume the main responsibility of maintaining the order of the auto insurance market.

　　3. All property insurance companies should attach great importance to the insurance underwriting services for high-risk vehicles such as motorcycles and operating vehicles.

　　4. All banking insurance regulatory bureaus shall continue to monitor the dynamic situation of the auto insurance market, pay special attention to the expense levels of institutions within their jurisdiction, and strengthen the supervision of the implementation of auto insurance rates.

　　5. All banking and insurance regulatory bureaus should continue to maintain the high-pressure situation of auto insurance supervision, fight early and fight small, and prevent the behavior of individual institutions from affecting the stability of the auto insurance market in the whole jurisdiction.