分类： xiyu

Officially, it is clear that microfinance companies are not allowed to issue Internet consumer loans to college students.

　　According to the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission website on the 17th, five ministries and commissions, including China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China, jointly issued the Notice on Further Regulating the Supervision and Management of College Students’ Internet Consumer Loans to further standardize the supervision and management of college students’ Internet consumer loans and earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of college students. The full text is as follows:

　　All banking insurance regulatory bureaus, information offices of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Education Department (Education Bureau, Education Committee), Public Security Department (Bureau), local financial supervision and administration bureau, Shanghai headquarters of China People’s Bank, branches, business management departments, provincial capital city center branches, sub-provincial city center branches, major banks and joint-stock banks, and institutions of higher learning affiliated to the central government:

　　Recently, some small loan companies have targeted the university campus, conducted induced marketing through cooperation with technology companies, and issued internet consumption loans for college students (hereinafter referred to as college students), which lured college students into excessive consumption ahead of schedule, causing some college students to fall into the trap of high loans, infringing on their legitimate rights and interests, and causing bad social impact. In order to further standardize college students’ Internet consumption loan business and strengthen education and guidance, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, strengthen the supervision and management of college students’ Internet consumer loan business

　　(A) regulate the Internet consumer loans lending behavior of college students

　　Microfinance companies should strengthen the substantive verification of the identity of loan customers, and should not set college students as the target customer groups of Internet consumer loans, nor should they conduct precise marketing for college students, nor should they issue Internet consumer loans to college students. The outsourcing cooperative institutions of lending institutions shall strengthen the screening of customers, and shall not use false, misleading or induced publicity and other improper means to induce college students to consume ahead of time and borrow excessively, nor shall they accurately market for college students, nor shall they push and drain college students to lending institutions.

　　Banking financial institutions should strictly abide by the risk bottom line, prudently carry out college students’ Internet consumer loan business, establish and improve appropriate risk management systems and early warning mechanisms, strengthen pre-loan investigation and evaluation, and attach importance to post-loan management and supervision to ensure that risks are controllable.

　　Institutions established without the approval of the banking regulatory department or the local financial regulatory department may not provide credit services for college students.

　　(B) strict risk management of college students’ Internet consumption loans

　　In order to meet the reasonable consumer credit demand of college students, all banking financial institutions can develop targeted and differentiated Internet consumer credit products under the premise of controllable risks, follow the principles of small amount, short-term and controllable risks, strictly limit the loan balance of the same borrower and the total business scale of college students’ Internet consumer loans, strengthen product marketing management, and strictly examine the qualifications of college students to improve asset quality.

　　In order to strengthen marketing management, banking financial institutions and their cooperative institutions should not conduct online accurate marketing for college students. Offline marketing publicity activities carried out on campus should be reported to the regulatory authorities of the marketing area in advance, and the specific place, date, time and content of marketing activities should be informed in advance and the consent of the educational institutions should be obtained. Marketing activities should not use deceptive, misleading or induced publicity to induce college students to apply for consumer loans.

　　It is necessary to strictly examine the pre-loan qualifications, substantively examine and identify the identity of college students and the real loan purpose, comprehensively evaluate the credit information, income, tax and other information of college students, fully understand the credit status, strictly implement the second repayment source of college students, confirm the authenticity of the identity of the second repayment source by telephone and other reasonable means, obtain written guarantee materials that the second repayment source (parents, guardians or other managers, etc.) with repayment ability agrees with their loan behavior and is willing to repay on their behalf, and strictly control the credit qualification of college students.

　　It is necessary to strengthen post-loan management to ensure that the flow of loan funds conforms to the provisions of the loan contract; Properly handle overdue loans, standardize collection management, and prohibit any violent collection behavior that interferes with the normal study and life of college students; Timely grasp the changes of college students’ capital flow and credit status, improve the response plan, and ensure that the overall business risk of college students’ Internet consumer loans is controllable.

　　It is necessary to strengthen the personal information security protection of college students, establish and strictly enforce the rules and regulations to ensure information security, take effective technical measures to properly manage the basic information of college students, and not send the information of loan students to third-party institutions, or illegally disclose, expose or buy or sell the information of loan students.

　　It is necessary to strengthen the submission of credit information, and submit all credit information of college students’ Internet consumer loans to the basic database of financial credit information in a timely, complete and accurate manner in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Credit Information Industry. Students who do not agree to submit credit information may not be granted loans.

　　(3) Strengthen risk remediation and supervision and inspection.

　　Local financial supervision and management departments and banking insurance regulatory bureaus should, on the basis of the previous campus loan rectification work of online lending institutions, include various lending institutions such as microfinance companies and consumer finance companies into the rectification category, and comprehensively use various means such as website monitoring, fund monitoring, on-site inspection and data analysis to further strengthen the supervision, inspection and investigation of college students’ Internet consumer loan business. At the same time, increase the investigation and crackdown on illegal lending institutions.

　　For college students’ Internet consumption loans that have been issued, first, we should urge microfinance companies to make rectification plans. In principle, loans that have been issued will not be extended, and the existing business will be gradually digested. It is strictly forbidden to add new business in violation of regulations. Second, it is necessary to urge banking financial institutions to strengthen investigations, rectify illegal businesses within a time limit, and strictly implement risk management requirements. Institutions that refuse to rectify the problems found in the investigation or whose circumstances are serious should be severely punished and cracked down, and those suspected of committing crimes should be transferred to judicial organs.

　　Two, increase the education, guidance and assistance to students, and create a good campus environment.

　　Colleges and universities should earnestly shoulder the main responsibility of student management, strengthen students’ financial knowledge education and assistance, guide students to establish a correct concept of consumption, and earnestly safeguard students’ rights and interests and campus stability. First, vigorously carry out financial knowledge popularization education. It is necessary to strengthen financial knowledge publicity and education, incorporate financial common sense education into daily education, and continue to carry out financial knowledge publicity. Regularly carry out financial knowledge into campus activities, invite financial regulators and banking financial institutions to give lectures on knowledge, explain the harm of bad online loans, and analyze the cases of bad online loans on campus such as "idolize", so as to effectively improve students’ awareness of financial security. Strengthen the education of honesty and credit awareness, educate students to provide information truthfully when applying for loans, and not intentionally conceal the identity of students, not maliciously cheat loans or breach contracts, cherish personal credit records, and be alert to the influence of online loans overdue on personal credit information. The second is to constantly improve the working mechanism of helping and rescuing. It is necessary to ensure that all student financial assistance policies are put in place, improve the management level of student financial assistance, and effectively protect the affordable needs of students with financial difficulties, such as tuition, accommodation and basic living expenses. We will improve the rescue mechanism for special difficulties, set up special funding funds, provide emergency assistance to students whose families have undergone major changes, and solve students’ temporary and urgent funding needs. For college students who have fallen into the mud of online lending, we should establish a special mechanism to guide them to solve the problem of online lending in a rational and effective way, strengthen psychological intervention and counseling, educate and guide them to cherish their lives and rationally deal with the difficulties they encounter.Encourage qualified colleges and universities to raise funds through multiple channels, support students to carry out extended learning, innovation and entrepreneurship, and meet students’ developmental needs. The third is to comprehensively guide and establish a correct consumption concept. To strengthen the education of students’ consumption concept, we should integrate the cultivation of students’ awareness of thrift with students’ daily ideological and political education. Pay attention to students’ consumption psychology, promptly correct erroneous concepts such as ahead consumption, excessive consumption and conformity consumption, and guide students to establish a scientific, rational and healthy consumption concept. Establish a daily monitoring mechanism, pay close attention to students’ abnormal consumption behavior, find out students’ tendency problems in life consumption, interpersonal consumption and entertainment consumption in time, take targeted measures to correct them, and strive to achieve early prevention, early education, early detection and early disposal.

　　Third, strengthen the network public opinion monitoring and reasonably guide public opinion.

　　Local network information departments should actively cooperate with local governments, universities, financial, education, public security and other administrative departments to do a good job in online interpretation and public opinion guidance to standardize the supervision and management policies of college students’ Internet consumption loans. For the use of college students’ Internet consumer loans for malicious speculation and rumors, guide relevant units to take the initiative to speak out and clarify the truth, and jointly create a good public opinion environment.

　　Four, increase the investigation and punishment of illegal crimes, and create a good financial environment.

　　Local public security organs should intensify the investigation and punishment of illegal and criminal acts in the Internet consumer loan business of college students according to law, severely crack down on criminal activities carried out by means of routine loans and usury against college students, intensify the crackdown on illegal and criminal activities such as illegal detention, kidnapping and violent collection, and crack down on illegal and criminal activities that infringe on citizens’ personal information according to law.

　　Secretariat of the Central Network Office of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission General Office, China

　　General Office of the Ministry of Education, General Office of the Ministry of Public Security and General Office of the People’s Bank of China

　　February 24, 2021

How does finance help the new development pattern

In the past few decades, China’s economic development has made great achievements, but now it is at a very critical turning point-from the first century’s goal of "building a well-off society in an all-round way" to the second century’s goal of "building a socialist modern power".
Compared with the early 40 years of reform and opening up, there will be three major changes in China’s economy in the next 30 years:
First, the cost advantage is no longer. China’s economic development once benefited from the low cost advantage for a long time, but now the cost has obviously increased. The economic growth mode will have to move from extensive and factor-input growth to innovation-driven growth.
Second, the demographic dividend has disappeared. In the past, China benefited from the increasing proportion of the labor force in the total population, but now it is an aging society, and the labor force population begins to decline, which will eventually affect the economic growth pattern.
Third, the trend of "anti-globalization" has emerged. The wave of globalization has obviously promoted China’s economic development in the past. China has been able to participate in the global division of labor, and its exports have increased substantially. A large number of foreign direct investments have enhanced the activity of the domestic economy. Nowadays, globalization is experiencing fluctuations, and the size of China’s economy has also increased significantly, so the growth momentum has to focus more on the domestic market. Therefore, the central government proposes to build a new development pattern with "double circulation"-with domestic big circulation as the main body and domestic and international double circulation promoting each other.
Finance should give more support to the real economy.
Under the new development pattern, how does finance act?
In the past four decades, finance has contributed greatly to economic growth, effectively supporting the average annual GDP growth rate of more than 9%, and the financial system is relatively stable. Although many scholars believe that the reform can be further deepened and the distortions in the system can be eliminated, on the whole, China’s financial system has effectively supported the rapid and relatively stable economic development.
In recent years, complaints against the financial industry have increased, especially "the strength of financial support for the real economy is weakening". In this regard, the most intuitive reflection is the decline in the "marginal capital output rate". The so-called marginal capital output rate refers to the amount of capital that needs to be increased when one unit of output is increased. Before the global financial crisis in 2007, China’s marginal capital output rate was about 3.5, but it has almost doubled at present, indicating that our financial efficiency has been discounted. If the financial efficiency continues to decline, even if the financial resources invested in economic construction continue to increase, the economic output will not be high or even decline, which will ultimately affect the sustainability of economic growth.
In the past, China’s financial system was relatively stable, but in recent years, risks in many financial fields began to emerge. We have two "magic weapons" to maintain financial stability. One is to resolve risks through sustained high growth; Second, the government should do everything to ensure the confidence of investors, consumers and other markets. However, the effectiveness of these two magic weapons is obviously declining, and the next step must be to make great efforts to build a financial safety network, which should not only have a market-oriented regulatory framework, but also involve the central bank and the financial sector.
There is a lot of work that finance can do to support the real economy more effectively, especially based on the new development pattern of "double cycle". Finance should strive to promote the domestic big cycle, and the practice can be linked from "supply" and "demand".
China’s economic growth in the past benefited from "two ends in the outside"-raw materials, technology and capital were introduced from abroad, products were produced and processed at home, and then bought back abroad. But this model will become increasingly difficult in the future. On the one hand, China’s economy is getting bigger and bigger. As some market participants have said, China enterprises "buy what is expensive;" What to sell, what is cheap. " On the other hand, large size also has obvious advantages. In the future, it is possible for the domestic market to continuously reduce the pressure of "two heads are outside", and both "supply" and "demand" are solved in the domestic market. Therefore, the key question is how finance can link "supply" and "demand" to support economic innovation and growth.
Supply side: Finance should strongly support economic innovation.
From the supply side, the core issue is to change the growth model and make innovation the main driving force for growth. Innovation is becoming more and more important to enhance the competitiveness of our economy in the domestic and international markets. Although the domestic market will be the main market in the future, we should remain open to the international market, and the industry must have international competitiveness in order to develop sustainably.
Our financial system used to effectively support extensive and factor-input economic growth. The economic activities under this growth model face relatively little uncertainty, and the products may have been abroad for decades or even hundreds of years. The uncertainties we face in many aspects such as technology, market, management and marketing channels are very low, and financial services are relatively easy to do, especially the pressure of risk management is not great.
If the financial future wants to strongly support economic innovation, the difficulty of managing risks will surge. Because innovation is bound to face many uncertainties, uncertainty will definitely increase the requirements for financial services.
If the economic growth model is to change, the financial development model must also change accordingly. To support economic innovation, finance should do two things: financial innovation and market-oriented reform.
Financial innovation includes three aspects:
First, develop the capital market and increase the proportion of direct financing. The prominent feature of China’s financial system is that banks are dominant. The biggest market participant in the financial system is commercial banks. Commercial banks have previously provided funds for large-scale manufacturing expansion, effectively supporting rapid economic growth. Generally speaking, the capital market has inherent advantages in supporting innovation, such as being better at identifying risks and patiently accompanying entrepreneurs to grow up. Therefore, the primary task of financial innovation is to develop the capital market and increase the proportion of direct financing. From the international experience, the leading financial systems in the United States, Britain and other countries are dominated by the capital market. We are already doing this kind of work, and we need to continue and increase our efforts in the future.
Second, innovate the business model of commercial banks. In the foreseeable future, commercial banks will remain our main financial channel, so it is necessary to innovate the business model of commercial banks in order to undertake the task of supporting economic innovation. There are also many successful examples of bank-led financial system innovation in the world. Germany and Japan are both bank-led financial systems, which have effectively helped enterprises master the international frontier economic technology. At present, the road of banking business model innovation in China has a long way to go.
Third, develop digital finance. With the help of digital technology, finance can better serve the financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, private enterprises, especially "specialized and innovative" enterprises. For these enterprises, traditional financial institutions usually lack effective means of risk control, but now big data can help solve some problems. At present, some successful examples are some new Internet banks-Weizhong Bank, Online Merchant Bank, Xinwang Bank, etc. These institutions mainly look at data, not collateral, and can successfully control the average non-performing rate at a low level. If we popularize this method to traditional banks and help them do risk analysis on direct financing of listed companies, it means that we may explore a new way in this respect. In fact, China’s use of big data for credit risk management has been at the forefront of the international level.
In addition to financial innovation, financial support for economic innovation is inseparable from market-oriented reforms, one of which is market-oriented risk pricing.
China government has made great efforts to reduce the financing costs of SMEs, but the risks and costs must be matched to be sustainable. It is very important to support the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises and help them obtain loans, but at the same time, we should also pay attention to market-based risk pricing. Only in this way can commercial banks continue to carry out their business.
From the supply side, only by carrying out a series of reforms can finance better support economic innovation.
Demand side: Finance should strongly support consumption.
From the demand side, the so-called "troika"-investment, consumption and export, investment and export have been very strong, and consumption is relatively weak. After the global financial crisis, consumption has rebounded, but it is still dragging its feet, especially during the epidemic period, the economic recovery is weak, and key consumption can not get up, which seriously restricts the domestic macro-cycle.
Consumption is sluggish, and even if you invest a lot, it will easily become overcapacity. At the same time, the sluggish consumption is also contrary to the goal of the second century. The fundamental purpose of economic construction is to continuously meet the people’s needs for a better life, and only by increasing the consumption of ordinary people can we meet the standards.
At present, China’s consumption accounts for about 55% of GDP, which is about 20 percentage points lower than the world average and 25-30 percentage points lower than that of Britain and the United States.
Why is consumption sluggish or less than expected? There are three reasons:
First of all, the proportion of our residents’ income to GDP is not high, and the people are too dependent on labor income and lack asset income;
Secondly, the inequality of social income distribution is high, and the rich have a low propensity to consume, and most of them have bought what they should buy; The poor tend to spend more, but they have no money to spend. Therefore, the inequality of income distribution suppresses the total demand of social consumption;
Finally, the social security system needs to be further improved. Without social security, residents’ confidence in the future is insufficient, and everyone is afraid to spend more if they have money.
If these problems are solved, China’s future consumption can still be expected. At present, the total social retail sales in China is very impressive from a global perspective. If the consumption potential of 1.4 billion people can be further released and sustainable economic growth can be maintained in the future, China is expected to become the most desirable consumption market in the world.
At present, there is a lot of work to be done in consumption. We not only need the government to improve income distribution and improve the social security system, but also have huge room for finance. For example, the financial system can improve efficiency, thereby increasing the total social income, so that ordinary people can get asset income other than labor wages, so that more money can be used for consumption; For another example, we can vigorously develop inclusive finance, so that small and medium-sized enterprises, low-income families and agricultural workers in a weak position can obtain corresponding financial services and make the income distribution of the whole society more equal; Also, we can develop the financial industry, especially the insurance industry, and make the social security system more perfect.
To sum up, whether from the supply side or the demand side, finance has great potential to support the development of the real economy, innovative growth, consumption upgrading and a better life. As long as we have a good grasp of the direction of financial development, improve the efficiency of the financial system, and successfully control risks, finance will play a greater role in the new development pattern of "double cycle", thus helping us achieve the second century goal smoothly.
(The author is Professor, Vice President and Director of Digital Finance Research Center of National Development Institute of Peking University)
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The most comprehensive knowledge of China tea, tea learning must be suggested to collect, and an article will take you to know about tea.

Teacher Bai Yansong of CCTV mentioned in a program of talking to young people:

"You like to drink coke today, and it is not excluded. When you reach my age, you will definitely love tea."

This is an old man’s life sentiment about young people.

From coke to tea, it is the same drink. What kind of transformation process is involved?

I believe that only people with stories can understand it.

If you also want to experience life from tea.

Then learn to drink tea from today.

A most comprehensive, basic knowledge of tea takes you into the door of the tea world.

Basic knowledge of tea

Classification of tea trees

According to the tree type: shrub type, small tree type and arbor type.

According to leaf type, it is divided into extra-large leaf species, large leaf species, middle leaf species and small leaf species.

Classification of tea: basic tea and processed tea.

Basic tea:

green tea

Green tea features: clear green leaves, good tenderness, bright soup color and exposed bud peak.

Green tea can be divided into stir-fried green tea, sun-dried green tea and steamed green tea according to the deactivation process.

Baked green tea.

On behalf of tea:

Fried green tea: West Lake Longjing, Biluochun, mengding ganlu, Duyun Maojian, Xinyang Maojian, Lushan Yunwu, Anji White Tea, etc.

Sun-dried green tea: Pu ‘er raw tea, Dianqing, Yueqing, Xiangqing, Chuanqing, etc.

Steamed green tea: Enshi Yulu.

Baked green tea: Huangshan Mao Feng, Taiping Monkey Kui, Luan Guapian, Xiazhou Bifeng, Tianshan Green Tea, Huading Yunwu, Gao Qiao Yinfeng, etc.

white tea

Characteristics of white tea: the fragrance is fragrant, the tender leaves are covered with white hairs, and the color is Bai Yin green, which belongs to partially fermented tea.

White tea can be divided according to tree species and freshness of bud leaves.

On behalf of tea:

Tea tree varieties: Dabai, Narcissus White and Xiaobai.

Bud leaf tenderness: Baihao Yinzhen, Bai Mudan, Gongmei, etc.

Yellow tea

Characteristics of yellow tea: some fermented tea, similar in technology to green tea, should be stuffy yellow when making. Tea drinking has the characteristics of yellow soup and yellow leaves, with mellow aroma and mellow taste.

Yellow tea can be divided into yellow bud tea, yellow tea and yellow small tea according to the different fresh leaves.

On behalf of tea:

Yellow bud tea: Junshan silver needle, Mengding yellow bud and Mogan yellow bud.

Huangda Tea: Huoshan Yellow Bud, Guangdong Folium Isatidis.

Huangxiaocha: Weishan Maojian Tea, Beigang Maojian Tea, Pingyang Huangtang Tea, Wanxi Huangxiaocha Tea, Hubei Yuanan Luyuan Tea, etc.

Green tea (oolong tea)

Characteristics of green tea: semi-fermented tea, a kind of tea between black tea and green tea. There are both fresh green tea and sweet black tea. The fragrance is rich and lasting, with floral, fruity, vanilla and so on. It is rich in flavor, fragrant in mouth and teeth, mellow and sweet, and has unique variety characteristics.

Green tea is divided into southern Fujian oolong tea, northern Fujian oolong tea, Guangdong oolong tea and Taiwan Province oolong tea.

On behalf of tea:

Minnan Oolong Tea: Anxi Tieguanyin, Hairy Crab, Benshan, Huang Jingui, etc.

Oolong tea in northern Fujian: Wuyi rock tea, cinnamon, water turtle, iron arhat, narcissus and so on.

Guangdong Oolong Tea: Phoenix Dan Cong, White Leaf Single Cong, etc.

Taiwan Province Oolong Tea: Frozen Top Oolong, Four Seasons Spring, Oriental Beauty, Jin Xuan, Jade, Baozhong Tea, etc.

black tea

Characteristics of black tea: fully fermented tea, warm stomach, red soup and red leaves, with unique maltose fragrance and caramel fragrance.

Black tea is divided into red stripe tea and red broken tea according to the process.

Red tea is divided into: small black tea and Kung Fu black tea.

On behalf of tea:

Race black tea: Zhengshan race

Kung Fu Black Tea: Qimen Black Tea, Dianhong, Yihong, Ninghong and Chuanhong.

Red broken tea: Yingde red broken tea, Dadugang red broken tea, Sichuan red broken tea, Hunan red broken tea, etc.

Four major black teas in the world: Qimen Black Tea, Darjeeling Black Tea in India, Sri Lankan Black Tea (Ceylon Black Tea) and Assam Black Tea.

Dark tea

Characteristics of black tea: the leaves are dark and dignified, the fragrance is mellow, and the variety is rich. After being made into pressed tea, it is mainly used by ethnic minorities in border areas.

Black tea can be divided into pressed tea, bulk tea and flower rolls according to the process.

Compressed tea is divided into: Fuzhuan tea, Huazhuan tea, blue brick tea and black brick tea.

Bulk tea is divided into: Tianjian, Gongjian and Shengjian.

Flower rolls are divided into: 12, 100 and 1000.

On behalf of tea:

Pu ‘er cooked tea, Anhua black tea, Shaanxi Fuzhuan, Guangxi Liubao tea, etc.

Processed tea:

Scented tea, extracted tea, fruity tea, tea beverage.

Six basic teas: according to the degree of fermentation.

Green tea (not fermented)

White tea (micro-fermentation)

Yellow tea (light fermentation)

Green tea (oolong tea, semi-fermented)

Black tea (fully fermented)

Black tea (complete fermentation, post-fermentation)

The higher the degree of fermentation, the milder the tea. For example, black tea and black tea are suitable for people with a bad stomach.

Non-fermented or lightly fermented tea is slightly cold. For example, green tea and yellow tea are suitable for reducing fire and drying, and people with weak spleen and stomach should be moderate.

Four major tea areas in China

Jiangnan tea area: located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu and southern Hubei. It is the main tea producing area in China. The annual output accounts for 2/3 of the country.

South China Tea Area: Located in the south of China, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province and Hainan.

Southwest tea area: located in the southwest of China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing and other provinces and cities as well as southeast Tibet. It is the oldest tea area in China.

Jiangbei tea area: located in the north bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Shandong, as well as northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu and northern Hubei.

Appliances needed for brewing all kinds of tea

According to different kinds of tea, it is necessary to choose suitable instruments for brewing in order to give full play to the taste, aroma and soup color of tea.

green tea

Applicable to tea ware: glass, bowl cover.

Attention: it is not suitable for stuffy bubble, which will affect the fragrance of tea.

Yellow tea

Applicable to tea ware: glass, bowl cover.

Attention: it is not suitable for stuffy bubble, which will affect the fragrance of tea.

white tea

Applicable to tea ware: teacups and bowls.

Green tea (oolong tea)

Applicable to tea ware: teacups, covered bowls, teapots and teapot.

Attention: Try to use fair mug as much as possible, and the time and quantity of tea brewing determine the taste of tea soup. It is not easy to soak tea for a long time, and the bitterness will be aggravated when the quality of tea is poor.

black tea

Applicable to tea ware: teacups, covered bowls, teapots and teapot.

Attention should be paid to: fair mug will be made when the soup is served quickly after making tea, and the taste will be better and it will not be frowsty for a long time.

Dark tea

Applicable to tea ware: tea cups, covered bowls, teapots, teapot, tea maker.

It should be noted that black tea is the tea with the highest degree of fermentation, which is very resistant to foam and has a thick taste. The first few bubbles can quickly serve soup to fair mug, and you can cook and drink it later.

Storage of various teas

Three principles of tea storage: drying, avoiding light and sealing.

Green tea and yellow tea: sealed and refrigerated in refrigerator.

White tea and green tea (oolong tea): sealed at room temperature, stored in the refrigerator without drinking for a long time.

Black tea: stored at room temperature, pay attention to moisture.

Black tea: stored at room temperature, cool and ventilated, avoiding sun exposure.

The concept of tea culture:

Broadly speaking, it refers to the sum total of tea material and spiritual wealth in the whole development process of tea.

Narrow sense: refers specifically to the "spiritual wealth" part, which is to study the cultural and social phenomena produced in the process of tea being applied by human beings.

Tea culture has: natural attributes and social attributes.

Natural attributes: the tea product itself, the function of tea.

Social attribute: people’s use of tea and their spiritual sustenance. Material, spiritual, plastic, psychological and behavioral phenomena. )

Defining tea from botanical characteristics;

Tea leaves have obvious main veins, the edges of the leaves are serrated, the veins are reticulate and not top, and the back is hairy.

The difference between tea and common leaves;

The fundamental difference between whether it is a tea tree or not lies in whether the plant contains tea polyphenols.

For example, Huaguo Tea, Rose Tea and yerba mate are similar to tea. The fundamental reason is that there are no tea polyphenols in it.

Main components contained in tea:

Tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, theanine, alkaloids, etc.

A leaf fell into the water and changed the taste of the water. Since then, there has been tea.

Tea is the dual enjoyment of material and spirit discovered by human beings. The development history of small leaves also records the development history of the whole mankind.

Let’s carry forward the tea culture in China together. This is an important symbol in the history of Chinese civilization.

I learned a lot about the basics of tea today, leaving a small question.

Pu ‘er tea which we often drink is one of the six major teas? Welcome to see your message in the comments section.

I’m Jiazi, and I love tea. Volunteer at the China Tea Museum on weekends to promote tea culture in China. If you also love tea, welcome to exchange and learn together.

Source | Jia Zi seeks tea.

Original title: "The most complete knowledge of tea in China, the necessary suggestions for learning tea, an article to take you to know about tea. 》

＂China Table Tennis＂ revealed that Liu Guoliang took the active national table tennis players to Call.


1905 movie network news On February 20th, the film starring Deng Chao,,,,,, etc. released the "call of the National Team" version, and Liu Guoliang and the active players of Guoping collectively appeared to cheer for the film. It is predicted that the China table tennis men’s team suffered a series of heavy losses, and the ending of "the most classic battle of turning defeat into victory" has been decided, but the process is still in suspense.


The Jedi counterattack of China Table Tennis tells the story that Dai Minjia, a coach studying abroad, volunteered to return to China in the early 1990s when the men’s table tennis was crushed by the "European powers" and led the veteran recruits to launch a counterattack against the "powers" in Tianjin to save the men’s table tennis. Since its release, the film has received unanimous praise from the audience, with high scores of Cat’s Eye 9.4 and Taobao Film 9.3. It has become the new film with the highest comprehensive word-of-mouth evaluation since February, and the film is being shown nationwide.


Liu Guoliang’s "Youth Memories", the most exciting home game and the most thrilling cup-winning battle, turned defeat into victory.


The latest announcement of "call by the National Team" in "China Table Tennis Fight Back" was kicked off by Liu Guoliang, a famous table tennis player in China, a world champion and an Olympic champion, who was the head coach of the China table tennis team, the current executive vice-president of the International Table Tennis Federation and the chairman of the Chinese Table Tennis Association: "China table tennis’s enduring glory for decades is the result of several generations’ efforts. The 1995 World Table Tennis Championships in Tianjin was a classic counterattack of table tennis in the low valley. As a witness, I am also full of youthful memories. "


The preview reveals the heavy pressure experienced by China’s men’s table tennis national team in the 1990s. The absolute main force of the team is seriously injured. If you don’t play, you may lose a valuable point in the men’s team final of the World Table Tennis Championships. However, your hard support may ruin your whole sports career, and the collective and individual interests will collide fiercely at this moment. At that time, the Swedish team has won swaythling cup, who represents the highest honor of the men’s table tennis team, for three consecutive years, and at the same time, it is far ahead of China in terms of technical play and training methods. At that time, China’s economy was in the stage of comprehensive recovery, and the team was short of funds, so it was unable to catch up with Europe and even other countries in East Asia in terms of equipment and equipment, which also made our training level have a huge gap with the top teams in the world. While other countries, especially European teams, spend a lot of money to "dig" Chinese players to Europe to play in the league in order to study and learn the characteristics of China’s team, which leads to the great dilemma of the loss of excellent players in China. Even on the eve of the game, the players we regard as "secret weapons" are known in advance and thoroughly studied by other teams … … The 1995 World Table Tennis Championships in Tianjin is just around the corner. Can we win at home and win the coveted swaythling cup?


In this big environment, the notice also shows more unknown details and insider: "Foreigners have learned our horse racing in Tian Ji more and more slippery" in the on-the-spot arrangement. All this has brought great pressure to head coach Dai Minjia and the whole team. "Can your generation turn over?" It has become the soul inquiry that pierces China men’s table tennis and even all China people’s hearts. This tournament has become the most exciting home in the history of the World Table Tennis Championships, the most thrilling battle to win the cup, and the most classic battle to turn defeat into victory in the history of table tennis. Since then, China has officially stood at the top of table tennis in the world, and this "never give up" spirit has been passed on to generations of table tennis players, leading the China table tennis team to achieve better results.


The active players of Guoping assembled for "China Ping-Pong" to play call to stimulate blood and Hollywood’s "positive rigidity""


On February 18th, the trial (the first stop) of the Durban World Table Tennis Championships started. Since 2006, the national team’s "civil war through competition" presented in the form of live broadcast has become the "strongest competition on the surface" in the hearts of table tennis fans. Just like the captain of China table tennis men’s team — — "Dragon Team" Malone said after the first singles match: "Intra-team competition has always been a very good tradition of the China team, which can make everyone actively mobilize, not relying on qualifications and previous competition results to select, giving many young athletes a direct and upward opportunity." There is a similar plot in the movie "China Table Tennis Fight Back". For example, all the players in the country gathered to launch a "Thousand Talents Battle" and selected two super newcomers, Hou Zhuoxiang and Dong Shuai, who were only 16 years old. As the absolute core of the team, Bai Minhui was "invited back" to the local team because of his lack of concentration in training. The scene of Bai Minhe apologizing to the coach and all his teammates in the rain has also become one of the most talked-about names of the audience. The wonderful story with fire, laughter and tears won the audience’s love and made many athletes and even world champions feel the same.


Surprisingly — — The table tennis players who are actively preparing for the war have appeared in advance and call for the movie. Fan Zhendong, Malone, Wang Chuqin, Sun Yingsha, Chen Meng, Manyu Wang and other national team players also expressed their support for the film: "Let China table tennis inspire people!" "Let’s cheer together!" Take the lead in showing the audience the inheritance and strength of the national ball spirit.


The first weekend of the film’s release was unanimously recognized by the media, film critics and the general audience. In addition to the wonderful ups and downs, the film’s restoration and tribute to the details also became the focus of the audience’s discussion. Whether it’s the almost "copy-and-paste" modeling and movements of the actors and prototype characters, or the confusion of whether it’s a movie or an old photo, the audience feels the harshness and sincerity of this film. This also made many viewers feel: "The casting and details are carefully chosen, and many characters can match the number, which perfectly reproduces the details of the 1995 Tianjin World Table Tennis Championships!" Many viewers said, "The film shows the high-burning blood of table tennis and the spirit of China people. I hope that the film can be as fearless as the world’s strong players like China table tennis, and it will be a slap in the face with Hollywood movies! " China Ping-Pong Fight Back has become the new film with the highest comprehensive word-of-mouth evaluation since February. This word-of-mouth work of "both laughter and tears are good enough to burn and cool enough" will surely leave a deep impression on the audience.


The movie "China Ping-Pong Fight Back" is directed by Deng Chao and Yu Baimei, starring Deng Chao, Sun Li, Timmy Xu, Duan Bowen, Cai Yida, Ding Guansen, Sun Jilun, Aruna, etc. The film is being shown in the whole country.


5.407 billion people earned 5.2 trillion yuan! Domestic tourism is expected to return to the top 90% of the epidemic this year.

China tourism academy (Data Center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism) released the Report on the Development of China Tourism Group (2023) at the 2023 China Tourism Group Development Forum.It is predicted that the number of domestic tourists will reach 5.407 billion in 2023, and the domestic tourism income will reach 5.2 trillion yuan, which will be restored to 90% and 91% in 2019 respectively.

According to china tourism academy’s calculation, in the first three quarters of 2023, the comprehensive index of national tourism economic operation has been in the boom zone, with an average of 111.09. Driven by multiple factors, such as the innovative supply of culture and tourism system, the confidence boosted by tourism consumption policies, and the comprehensive protection of all levels of government departments, the tourism market will be prosperous, orderly, integrated and innovative in 2023, and many indicators such as the number of tourists and tourism consumption will be outstanding. Although the fourth quarter is the traditional off-season, the willingness of urban and rural residents to travel in the fourth quarter of this year remained at a high level of 90.37.

Report analysis,Domestic tourism consumption is further concentrated in scenic spots, resorts, blocks and business districts.The choice of tourist destinations and projects is more diversified. Family outing, suburban vacation, city roaming, festival tourism, interest tourism, reverse tourism, night tourism and light sports constitute the characteristics of "diversity+personalization" in the holiday tourism market.

Both the supply and demand sides have made concerted efforts, and various places are competing to integrate sports, music festivals, concerts, science and technology, intangible cultural heritage, theme exhibitions and national customs Hanfu into tourism and leisure life, unlock new ways of playing tourism, promote the deep integration of culture and tourism, and form a new growth point of cultural tourism consumption.

From the perspective of industrial development, the prosperity of the tourism industry and the confidence of entrepreneurs have obviously rebounded. At present, the passenger flow of domestic head scenic spots has increased significantly year-on-year, the aviation industry has improved significantly, the year-on-year recovery has been obvious, and the hotel performance has improved.In the first three quarters of this year, there was a strong demand for financing such as mergers and acquisitions, equity conversion and short-term debt private placement of China’s tourism groups, listed companies and tourist attractions.

According to the investment and procurement index of the cultural tourism industry jointly developed by china tourism academy and China Amusement Park Association, among the 1,836 enterprises surveyed, 79.2% of the investment/operation enterprises and 46% of the manufacturing/service enterprises have carried out investment activities, which shows that entrepreneurs and managers are optimistic about the future of tourism, and their investment fields are mainly concentrated in the construction of theme parks/amusement parks, cultural tourism equipment, science and technology, resorts/blocks, destination operations and other fields.

"2023 China Tourism Group Development Forum" was held in Shanghai from December 11th to 12th, hosted by china tourism academy and china tourism association, and undertaken by Xiangyuan Holding Group. The top 20 tourism groups in China this year include China Tourism Group, OCT Group, BTG Group, CYTS Holdings, Haichang Group, Jinjiang International Group, Ctrip Group, Chunqiu Group, Fosun Tourism Culture Group, Huazhu Group, Tongcheng Travel Group, Zhejiang Travel Investment Group, Hangzhou Business Travel Canal Group, Kaiyuan Tourism Group, Xiangyuan Holding Group, Shandong Wenlv Group, Hubei Cultural Tourism Group, Lingnan Group and Sichuan Tourism Investment Group.

Look at the scenery

Text/small picture/network

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Look at the scenery

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Climb up in a hurry

What the hell are you chasing?

Sweat all the way

Sprinkle backwards

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Standing on the top of the mountain

Extremely comfortable

Is this the taste of success?

Maybe, maybe, maybe.

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Infinite space

Infinitely broad-minded

Everything in the world is in the heart.

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Finally understand

Life is about climbing high.

See all the scenery in the world

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Yi Dian Hao Xiao Wei

Find a reporter, ask for a report, ask for help, download the "Qilu Yidian" APP or search the WeChat applet "Yidian Information Station" in major application markets, and more than 600 mainstream media reporters in the province are waiting for you to report online!

In 1917, Professor Peking University invented the Chinese character ＂She＂, which was scolded by China women for three years and was afraid to go to the streets.

The rise of the New Culture Movement in 1915 gave birth to many well-known literary revolutionaries, such as Lu Xun, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong and Hu Shi. They were born in the historical period of alternating times and made many achievements for the establishment of our country’s ideological culture.

But one of them, also a professor at Peking University, was scolded for inventing a Chinese character for three years, during which he didn’t even dare to go out on the street openly.This professor is called Liu Bannong.

Liu Bannong was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, in 1891, into a farming family for generations. Since childhood, he has learned and been exposed to the "primary school" knowledge learned by traditional China literati. This "primary school"refers toThe phonology, writing and exegesis of ancient Chinese philology today..

Statue of Liu Bannong

Although Liu Bannong is naughty, he often has some fantastic ideas and delves into crooked ways, but he is an out-and-out "scholar". At the age of six, he was able to combine poems with others. At the age of 20, he was hired by his alma mater to teach and compiled Jiangyin Magazine.

After the Revolution of 1911, western thoughts and cultures poured into the conservative land of China, and Liu Bannong was deeply impressed by the surging tide.After two years of self-study in foreign languages, I got the position of compiling foreign works in Zhonghua Book Company. More than 40 foreign novels translated by him were published in the famous publications of the time, Fiction Circle and Current Affairs News.

Liu Bannong’s translation works are not limited to English, but also the works of Tolstoy and Turgenev in Russia, so he became a famous translator.In 1917, Liu Bannong, who followed the trend of the New Culture Movement, published an article "My View of Literature Improvement" in New Youth, and was hired as a Chinese professor in the preparatory course by Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University..

At that time, all of them were professors of literature, history and philosophy at Peking University, such as Xu Beihong, Liang Shuming, Hu Shi and Liu Wendian. Although they are all in their early twenties, they all graduated from famous universities at home and abroad, and only Liu Bannong is a young man who has only attended high school.

Liu Bannong

Liu Bannong’s academic attainments are not limited by academic qualifications. His literary and linguistic innovations under the banner of the New Culture Movement not only shocked the cultural circles at that time, but we are still enjoying his cultural achievements a hundred years later.

In the TV series The Awakeing Age, students from Peking University directed and performed a drama.Wang Jingxuan, an old pedant and an old fogey played by Liu Mei, is the protagonist, and other students are hiding behind the curtain and dubbing with ventriloquism, criticizing Wang Jingxuan’s feudal and traditional thoughts.

The name of this play is called.Letter of reply to Wang Jingxuan, it is for Liu Bannong and Qian Xuantong and others in the "new youth" in the form of articles, you come and go to the stage performance of the public opinion war.

Qian Xuantong fictionalized the identity of "Wang Jingxuan", criticized the various crimes of the "New Culture Movement" in "New Youth", and branded the people who promoted new culture and new ideas with a hat of forgetting their ancestors, just like the stubborn position of a group of old scholars.

Fu Wang Jing Xuan Shu

butLiu Bannong, on the other hand, made an ancient "hype" with Qian Xuantong based on New Youth, and wrote a book "Reply to Wang Jingxuan" to refute all the critical contents of "Wang Jingxuan" one by one, attracting the attention and discussion of readers and public opinion.

Because of the ample arguments and sharp writing, the effect of the play is surprisingly good, and it also attracts more scholars and students to participate in the new culture movement, transform old ideas and give up old dross.

During the ten years of subversion in the Qing Dynasty, especially since the founding of New Youth in 1915, the degree of openness and enterprising spirit of Chinese people have never been higher. Improvement and innovation were the themes of the times, and those who supported the New Culture Movement were all concentrating on exploring how to draw a clear line between social reality and the decadent face of the past.

With the rise of vernacular Chinese and the introduction of foreign literary works, there are a large number of third persons in popular language expressions, and it is difficult to clearly distinguish the differences and specific directions in the text by using only one word "he".

Liu Bannong, as an accomplished person in language and literature, deeply felt the differences and abuses in the translation of different personal pronouns in Chinese and foreign literary works.The third person pronouns in English can be divided into "he", "she" and "it", which refer to male, female and gender-neutral objects in person respectively.

However, in the consistent usage of Chinese, only one word "he" refers to all the third persons, and there is no pronoun difference between men and women and things.If you want to distinguish it, you should add a note after the word "he". For example, when referring to a woman in the third person, that is, "he (female)" is used, and when referring to asexual objects or animals, "he (object)" is used as a distinction.

Translation of foreign literary works is long and complicated, and it is necessary to distinguish the gender and attributes referred to by "he", which undoubtedly increases the difficulty and workload, and does not conform to the theme of "vernacular, simplicity" advocated by them.

thereforeIn his early literary works, Lu Xun borrowed the word "Yi" from "Yi people" to refer to women, but it was not widely used and was not accepted by the whole people.

Lu Xun

In 1917, Liu Bannong first put forward the structure of the word "she", which was an accurate translation of "she" in English and distinguished it from "he". Lu Xun’s younger brother, Zhou Zuoren, agreed with this very much. He mentioned in the New Youth published on August 5, 1918: "China’s third person pronoun has no sexual distinction, which is very inconvenient. Semi-peasants created the word’ she’ and’ he’ for both purposes.. "

According to Liu Bannong’s understanding,Women’s third-person pronouns should have their own names as in foreign languages, which is not only convenient to use, but also more aesthetic. And with the opening of thought and the promotion of women’s status, the translation of "he (female)" is still used, as if women were still regarded as accessories of men, full of the flavor of the old society..

The word "she" was first popularized in the classrooms of Peking University and newspaper articles published by Liu Bannong, and many people accepted it, which also made a group of conservative people see Liu Bannong’s innovation, thinking that it was a rebellion against traditional customs and culture and should be refuted and suppressed.

Liu Bannong

Shanghai’s "Newcomer" magazine also published an ice-cold article.This is Liu Bannong’s fault.The article holds that there is no gender difference between "I" and "Ru" in ancient Chinese, and "He" and "She" are not as different in pronunciation in Chinese as in English, which is an act of gilding the lily.

All kinds of remarks emerged in an endless stream. The old and new forces United to express their opposition to Liu Bannong’s word-making, and scholars used the biggest public opinion at that time-newspapers and editorials to attack Liu Bannong. Especially some people who have no insight but are easily provoked, so that except for a few women with independent thoughts, all the women in China who are bound by conservative thoughts are scolding Liu Bannong. However, it is not clear how many of them sincerely oppose it and how many fish in troubled waters stir up trouble.

she

In short, within three years after her invention, Liu Bannong suffered a comprehensive blow from public opinion, which triggered another round of war of words between old and new literature.As far as Liu Bannong himself is concerned, as soon as he goes out, it is easy to encounter newspaper interviews and students’ attacks, which makes him afraid to go out on the street openly for three years for fear of being caught and scolded.

Therefore, Liu Bannong specially wrote an article "The Question of" She "during her study abroad and sent it back to China for publication, explaining her original intention of creating the word" She ".In order to express the meaning more clearly, it is also to distinguish the personal names of women and men.. After the article, Liu Bannong also proposed to recreate a representative of the word "it".

In 1925, Liu Bannong completed the French version of "Experimental Record of Chinese Phonetic Characters" and won the "Constanyine Linguistics Award", which was the first linguist in China to win this international award. At the same time, Liu Bannong successfully graduated from experimental phonetics in France, and obtained a doctorate in French national literature. He is still the first person from China to be awarded the highest academic title by the state.

Liu Bannong phonetic experiment photo

On the way home, Liu Bannong thought of his wife sacrificing herself to take care of the family on the ship, and always supported her studies and career without regrets, and wrote a vernacular new poem with the word "she" emotionally.Teach me how not to think about her：

There are some clouds floating in the sky and some breezes blowing on the ground.

Ah! The breeze blew my hair and taught me how to miss her.
Moonlight is in love with the ocean, and the ocean is in love with moonlight.

Ah! How can I miss her on such a honey-like silver night?
Flowers fall on the surface of the water and flow slowly, while fish swim slowly at the bottom.

Ah! Swallow, what did you say? Teach me how to miss her.
Dead trees are shaking in the cold wind. Wildfire burned in the twilight.

Ah! There are still some afterglow in the Western Heaven. Teach me how to miss her.

A month later, he returned to teach at Peking University and became the founder of experimental phonetics in China.Liu Bannong’s achievements soon made him famous in China, and this poem used to praise his wife was also arranged into a song, which spread all over the country with the word "she". Some die-hard conservatives insist on resisting the word "she", which has been unable to stop her from moving forward.

At this time, people generally accepted the existence of the word "she", and history also accepted Liu Bannong’s choice. In 1932, the Ministry of Education included the word "she" in the common words, which set the tone for this debate from the official level, and also had the distinction of "he", "she" and "it" that we have become accustomed to.

Lu Xun also expressed negative views on Liu Bannong’s pioneering work of creating characters.However, in the later "Recalling Liu Bannong", he obviously had a deep understanding of Liu Bannong’s original "rebellious" behavior: "Just advocating new punctuation, there will be a large group of people who are "bereaved" and eager to "eat meat and sleep", so it is indeed a "big battle"."

Later, someone created the word "you" to distinguish it from "you" on the basis of Liu Bannong, which was all the rage for a while, but it was not accepted by the public in the end and became a short-lived second person pronoun in that era.

Liu Bannong

In fact, the word "she" was not created by Liu Bannong, which is ancient Chinese.Ji Yun Shang Sheng Ma YunIn the middle ""She" and "Sister Min" are tied., allPronounced as "jiě", refers to the meaning of "elder sister". Liu Bannong didn’t notice this uncommon word or intentionally used it as another meaning of modern Chinese. People have long been accustomed to the word "she".

When people are in different historical stages and development stages, they will make different behaviors or actions because of the ideological environment at that time, but put it in the long river of the whole history or the development of human culture, the temporary resistance of human beings is just dust, which is invisible in front of the grand narrative.

The same is true of the reform of Chinese characters. The curse that once kept Liu Bannong from going to the streets for three years has long since disappeared, but the wealth of Chinese characters, language, punctuation, phonetic symbols and so on that he left to the people of China in just 44 years’ life will last forever.

Cultural return： the deep logic of the butterfly change and leap of traditional cultural programs

Author: Li Zhi

In recent years, a number of traditional cultural programs have been popular on the screen, which has aroused enthusiastic response from the audience, media and society, and has become a highly regarded cultural trend phenomenon. From Chinese Character Dictation Conference, Chinese Poetry Conference and Reader, to National Treasures, Classical Poems, China in Stories, China in Classics and China Festival Series, it can be said that traditional cultural programs mark the development trend of industry culture turn for us, and they are "speaking well" in the new era.

Henan Satellite TV’s "Wonderful Tour of Tanabata in 2023" dreams of returning to the Red Chamber, showing romance.

The scene telling the story of Sanxingdui in the third season of National Treasure.

New national style: a distinctive feature as a trend phenomenon

Despite the different themes and forms, the new national style is the most distinctive style label of these excellent traditional cultural programs. The new national style, that is, the emerging China style, is manifested in the popular fashion that generally uses traditional cultural elements in popular culture. On the basis of spreading Chinese excellent traditional culture, traditional cultural programs explore the greatest common denominator with youth culture, network culture and other cultures of the times, and become a popular program type with the new national characteristics of integrating the old and the new and aesthetic mutual learning.

In fact, looking back at the development history of TV programs in China, as early as the 1960s, Beijing TV Station had launched cultural programs such as Cultural Life and Life Knowledge. In the 1980s and 1990s, traditional cultural programs with distinctive features emerged, such as "Bookstore Painting Garden" and "Kyushu Theater". However, although traditional cultural programs have always been an important part of the TV program sequence in China, they have long been caught in an embarrassing situation of applauding and not being a hit. Especially in the wave of TV industrialization, faced with the arduous journey of viewing, traditional cultural programs have always been difficult to become realistic choices and symbolic programs that TV stations are keen on.

Fortunately, in the past ten years, traditional cultural programs have gradually explored a new national style innovation road of "entertaining" and become popular in the whole network with a gesture of "cultural return".

Looking at the present through the long lens of history, the valuable question is how traditional cultural programs change and jump. What is more worth asking is, why is it that traditional cultural programs continue to "break the circle" to form a trend phenomenon of the times?

The method of "double creation": the leap of butterfly as an artistic creation

Since the policy of "promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture" was put forward, the artistic creation of traditional cultural programs has a fundamental methodology, that is, adhering to the integration orientation of "thought+art+technology", refining Chinese excellent traditional culture in a flexible and diverse way, and achieving a deep image description of "cultural China".

5,000 years of Chinese traditional culture is extensive and profound. Traditional cultural programs regard it as a treasure house of creative inspiration, and select representative cultural symbols to describe it. This kind of "metonymy" strategy can be seen only from the program name: China in Classics, which tells the story of selecting classics, Chinese Poetry Conference, which relives the beauty of Chinese poetry, and China, which shows the extraordinary skills of intangible heritage. With the continuous excavation of Chinese excellent traditional culture, the theme of this kind of programs has been subdivided from the popularization of general knowledge such as poetry quiz, idiom quiz and Chinese character contest to the interpretation of professional contents such as cultural relics and archaeology, intangible techniques, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, which highlights the vertical thinking of program creation.

With the help of this kind of program, the audience stepped into the historical Milky Way, which is separated but in the same strain, and picked up brilliant cultural treasures. Traditional cultural programs deeply rooted in different fields appeared one after another, and a polyphonic "cultural suite" was compiled.

When the Internet platform becomes the infrastructure of the digital age, "brush" has become a common way of life, and attention has become the object of competition for programs. Based on the audio-visual communication ecology with diverse supply channels and overloaded information content, traditional cultural programs do not stick to the existing model, but follow the platform thinking and innovate the program model with light program duration, modular program units and strong narrative program content. Take a series of out-of-the-circle parties of Henan Satellite TV as an example: "Wonderful Tour of the Dragon Boat Festival" takes the astrological meaning of "Long Xing Zhongzheng" in the Dragon Boat Festival as the theme, and invites the "Mahua FunAge" team to join in the dragon boat race, and the dramatic chapter story of fighting for tokens is connected in series with modules such as Feng Wang Caige, Flying Dragons in the Sky and wormwood Qingqing, so as to show the traditional customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, and the duration is controlled within one hour. The relatively independent and distinctive special programs are very suitable for the communication logic of the Internet platform. The classic is The Banquet at the Tang Palace, which can trigger a hot discussion on the whole network. It is precisely because of its short, pithy and eye-catching features that it grabs the audience’s attention with colorful clips on the Internet platform, and then it plays a role of diverting from short to long, improving the popularity of the whole series of programs.

In addition, the new model increasingly pursues that a single work can produce the climax effect of visual wonders and soul shock, and puts forward higher requirements for the quality of the program. Based on digital technology, traditional cultural programs form an ultra-real virtual-real space and construct a dynamic perception field of "audience-work-artistic conception", which not only makes traditional cultural elements come to the fore, but also moistens the Chinese aesthetic spirit. For example, "Poetry and Painting China" refines the scenery into a single element and draws it in layers in the presentation of "Journey to the West Mountain", and strives to retain the natural Chinese painting texture in the special effect reorganization of later modeling. During the lens push and pull, the mountains with high peaks and steep peaks echo each other with the waterfalls flowing with silver lines, outlining the magnificent mountains and rivers with long mountains and thousands of images, so that viewers can truly feel the character of the ancients "the mountains stand on their backs and the scenery stops" Another example is the interpretation of "Imitating Yang Dazhang’s Painting of Jinling in Song Courtyard", in which the program gives the picture a 3D animation effect of ink and wash. In the painting, when people wander from the countryside to the city, the audience seems to have crossed back to the prosperous Jinling, where "the king is full of gold and beautiful", and feel the beautiful painting meaning of "people are happy in the rich years, and they walk on the streets in Gansu".

The visual presentation from the real to the virtual makes poetry and painting break through the limitations of physical laws and live in the way of reappearance of image wonders. The surreal artistic spirit not only extends the imagination boundary of the audience through the visual impact, but also brings the immersive experience by capturing the details that must be present, thus realizing the virtual reality of traditional classical aesthetics in the audience’s psychological level in the spiritual immersion that is also true and illusory.

Subjectivity and Identity: Deep Logic as Cultural Practice

An era has an era of literature and art. The reason why traditional cultural programs can stand out from numerous literary and artistic creations and form a phenomenon of "cultural program fever" that lasts for several years is not only because of the renewal of creative ideas and the improvement of production ability within such programs, but also because program production is a typical cultural practice with reflective experience that germinates in social culture and will respond to it interactively.

In other words, artistic production is deeply connected and mapped with the collective mentality and common emotion of the times, and the common emotion of each era will also give birth to the cultural trend belonging to that era.

Then, in order to further clarify the deep logic of the popularity of traditional cultural programs, it is necessary to base on the vivid experience of the times and explore the active and tense potential text structure of programs that are outside the text structure and coupled with the current collective emotional psychology.

Facing the globalization context of comparison and communication between Chinese and Western civilizations, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation cannot be separated from the realization of Chinese modernization. However, in the world discourse system about modernization, "western modernity" once monopolized the definition of modernization, and western modernization was even directly equated with the only model. Therefore, only by reflecting on the western paradigm, establishing China’s legal expression and establishing his subjective position in the global pattern can we endow "China modernity" with Chinese modernization and realize the reinterpretation and rewriting of the discourse system of "modernity". In this process, both the country and the people are experiencing the thinking of "what is China", and the questioning of "who am I" reflects the collective mentality and common emotional demands of contemporary China society eager to consolidate cultural subjectivity and condense identity. Excellent traditional culture is the "root" and "soul" of the Chinese nation, and it is an important way to distinguish "the other" from "self" and gain subjectivity and identity.

Indeed, the top-down policies at the national level, such as "inheriting and carrying forward the Chinese aesthetic spirit" and "telling the story of China well", and the bottom-up cultural consumption at the public level, such as the craze for Chinese studies and Hanfu, all indicate the effectiveness of answering "China" with Chinese excellent traditional culture.

Returning to traditional cultural programs, whether the theme is to pay attention to festival culture, to focus on the art of poetry and painting, or to focus on historical archaeology, is a useful exploration of the policy of "double innovation", and the underlying logic it follows cannot be separated from "two combinations". The media performance of "Cultural China" gives the audience great imagination. In the auspicious film feather with traces of civilization, the cultural relics restorer makes the old things new and shows the distant and gorgeous history to future generations. In the endless stretch of Tang poetry and Song poetry, countless stars shine in it, writing the most vivid footnote for "Why China"; In the intangible skills that bear the context of a thousand years, the inheritors have persisted for decades to realize the identity of the nation as a nation … On the one hand, these traditional cultural programs have stirred up the national cultural genes in the same strain by excavating and presenting the cultural memories behind cultural symbols, greatly satisfying the imagination needs of the audience to gain a sense of historical relevance from the long-standing Chinese civilization, and effectively enhancing the national self-esteem and cultural self-confidence of the audience. On the other hand, following the principle of "keeping the right and not being old-fashioned, respecting the past and not restoring the past", we should reconstruct Chinese excellent traditional culture in the times, and integrate the spiritual concepts attached to traditional excellent culture, such as the unity of family and country, the common good of the world and the coexistence of all things, with the core values of contemporary socialism, so as to consolidate the cultural subjectivity in the deep echo of China in the past, China in the present and China in the future.

It is true that traditional cultural programs are highly in line with the common feelings of the times, and with the unparalleled communication power of audio-visual media, they produce and spread the cultural power that condenses collective sensibility, which is the deep motivation to harvest the emotional resonance of the audience and generate a huge emotional community. However, it still needs to be emphasized that the audience’s aesthetic needs and appreciation ability continue to grow and improve. In specific creation, traditional cultural programs still need to stimulate imagination and creativity, be innovative in content, form and other aspects, and fully demonstrate the essence and charm of Chinese excellent traditional culture to meet the audience’s aesthetic expectations, so as to avoid homogenization and stand on the forefront of the highly competitive mass cultural products track.

(The author is a doctoral student at Shanghai Film Academy of Shanghai University)

Source: Wen Wei Po

Another eight.

In the Chengdu Mixed Team World Cup, table tennis in the prime time in the evening ushered in the third contest in the rematch stage. In the first match of the semi-final, Guoping defeated Slovakia, a dark horse team, with a total score of 8-1. In the second round, Wang Chuqin, Sun Yingsha, Chen Meng and Malone also beat the China Taipei team by the same score. So this round, in the face of the competition, the strength is the strongest, and at the same time, it has brought great difficulties and pressure to Guoping in other events, and even the French team, where players have defeated the main players of Guoping many times, how will Guoping perform? Will the players give each other a chance to score points on us? Let’s get to know and pay attention to it together.

The first to appear is still the mixed doubles. Guoping sent the strongest mixed doubles, that is, Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha’s partner. Their active attack, quick convergence and mutual compensation on the court can be said to be vividly reflected on the court, and their tacit understanding and personal ability are also reflected in the score. In the first game, they didn’t give any chance to the French group A- lebrun and Yuan Jianan, and soon took the lead with the score of 11-1. In the second game of the competition, the state of the French group was improved, and the offensive ability of the French group was also reflected to some extent. Although they were able to bite the score and not be pulled open, the Shatou group went to the next city in 11-8 by virtue of its running position more suitable for mixed doubles and its ability to handle personal key points. In the third game, the French team, like the first game, was completely suppressed by Sha Tou’s team, and there were not many ways to score on the field. Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha scored a drum, and the disparity score of 11-3 went to the next city, thus helping Guoping occupy a clear lead in the big score with a total score of 3-0.

In the second set of the two sides, the French women’s table tennis team sent Pavard, who helped the team score points in the mixed doubles in the previous match. But this time, facing Manyu Wang, it is obvious that her ability and state are not enough to shake Manyu Wang. After the last round of state adjustment, Manyu Wang quickly entered the state in this competition, and came up with two 11-5s, thus gaining a 2-0 lead in the big score. In the third game of the two sides, Pawad played imposing manner, which also resulted in a stalemate in the attack. Moreover, after high quality, she kept biting on the score. But in the end, Manyu Wang made a key point, relying on a backhand diagonal attack to cause the opponent to make a mistake in returning the ball. While winning the third game 13-11, it also helped Guoping to lock in a 3-0 victory again and rewrite the total score of both sides to 6-0.

The third set of the competition is a contest of men’s singles between the two sides. Because the first eight players win, Guoping can lock in the final victory of the competition as long as it can win two more games. Then, can Fan Zhendong directly lock the victory in front of F- lebrun, who has a distinctive style of play and a very fast shot? Look, let’s keep watching the game. In the first game of both sides, Fan Zhendong, although not in excellent condition, was still slow and steady. On the one hand, he was prepared for the opponent’s speed and rhythm, on the other hand, his own attack and quality of shots were also maintained, and he quickly won the first game with a score of 11-7. In the second game, he also led 3-2 at the beginning, forcing his opponent to call a timeout. F In the overall passive situation, lebrun also made use of the time-out opportunity to score continuously, not only tying the score, but also taking advantage of Fan Zhendong’s continuous mistakes. After tying the score 5-5, he achieved an 8-5 lead. His serve and attack were also effective for Fan Zhendong. After the two sides formed a strong stalemate, it was still F lebrun who turned the attack into a score and took a 9-5 lead. Because Fan Zhendong was a little caught up in the rhythm of George W. lebrun, he also made some changes in hair and hair at the end of the game. However, although Xiao Pang tied the score at 9-9, F lebrun scored an edge ball, which helped him pull back a city at 11-9. This is also the first point scored by the French team.

In the third game of the two sides, Fan Zhendong called a time-out for himself on the score of 3-2, and came back after a time-out. F lebrun’s serve and grab tactics were very effective, and his attack on the third board was really fierce, which helped him not only tie the score, but also lead the score of 5-4 and 6-5. After the 6-draw, Fan Zhendong scored another point in the multi-shot stalemate between the two sides, which also inspired the enthusiasm of the audience on the sidelines, and the applause continued. However, Fan Zhendong’s swing back made the two sides draw 7-7. After the 9-draw, 10-draw and 11-draw, Fan Zhendong Coast let the opportunity slip away again, relying on the diagonal attack to make a return mistake in F lebrun, and 13-11 won the third game of both sides, thus helping Guoping 8-1 win the whole game. Congratulations to Guo Ping, Wang Chuqin, Sun Yingsha, Manyu Wang and Fan Zhendong. Let’s look forward to the more wonderful performance of Guoping in the back.

PC players are going to win again？ March boutique end-game inventory： blue agreement, launched in ancient century war.

After February, when there were many masterpieces, players must still be wanting more. As a rare game year for several years, players will also welcome many interesting heavyweight works in March.

Today, let’s take stock of these boutique end-games that met with players in March.

"Blue Agreement" Japan Test

The Blue Agreement, known as the "Japanese Protogod", will start the internal test in late March. This internal test is the first test since the large-scale revision of the game. It was scheduled to be tested at the beginning of the year, and later it was decided to skip the ticket until March.

"Blue Agreement" is a two-dimensional animation-style action MMORPG developed by Project Sky Blue, which was jointly established by Bandai Nanmeng Palace Online and Bandai Nanmeng Palace Studio. Up to now, it has taken five years to develop it. Because of its cartoon rendering style, it was also dubbed by many players as the "original god" of Japan at the beginning of its publication.

However, there is still a big gap between the game and the original God, and the game is more similar to MMORPG such as FF14. There is no occupation restriction in the Blue Agreement. Players can change their corresponding occupations and skills by switching weapons, and at the same time, players can use different weapons to develop them, thus achieving different combat effects.

Interested players may wish to pay attention to the follow-up test results of the game.

Hanbok "The War of the Ancient Century" went online

The multi-platform MMORPG new work "Ancient Century War" based on the IP of Ancient Century will be launched in South Korea on March 21st.

As a MMORPG, The War of the Ancient Century tells the story of the period when many races of the original "The Ancient Century" settled in the mainland of Noia after the extinction of the original mainland. During the game, players can not only explore in the vast open world of seamless maps, but also fight with other players without worrying about the influence of equipment.

Judging from the previously published gameplay information, the game supports multi-dimensional combat gameplay in the ocean and land, allowing players to experience a full range of war perspectives.

Because the game adopts the mode of PC and mobile communication, the game may be more mobile in content, which may have a certain impact on the player experience.

Wolong: The Fall of Heaven

This work on the theme of the Three Kingdoms, which was released on March 3, triggered a heated discussion among players once it was announced. After all, it is a work related to our culture, and many players are also looking forward to the real face of the game.

As a new work developed by the production team of Benevolence King, this novel Wolong continues the style of its soul game, and carries out a lot of overhead treatment on the theme of the Three Kingdoms, and combines many famous military commanders in the Three Kingdoms period with monster beast elements to design many monsters, transformations and characteristic moves.

Due to certain operating threshold, the experience of players is quite challenging, and this game is also one of the most worthwhile games for players to experience in March.

Resident Evil 4: Remastered Edition

Resident Evil 4: Remastered Edition, which will be launched at the end of this month, is also the most worthwhile game for players to experience in March. Since Capcom restarted the Resident Evil series, the repeated versions of the series have been unanimously recognized by players.

Nowadays, Resident Evil 4, the most classic in this series, will also usher in a remastered version. This version not only preserves the essence of the original play, but also makes up most of the pictures, details and playable parts. From the previous announcement, Lyon not only added MP5 submachine guns, but also added new weapons such as crossbows.

In terms of picture quality, Resident Evil 4: Remastered Edition still maintains the super-high picture quality of recent generations of remastered editions, which is also a great evolution for the original. In addition, in order to make the game more scary, the game will also change the enemy’s appearance structure and order, and adjust the opening part of the game to night.

At present, the work has been confirmed to log on to many platforms such as PC/PS5/PS4/XSX, and it is not enough to go to Paul.

Lysa’s alchemy workshop 3

On March 24th, Glorious’s new series of alchemy workshops, Liza’s alchemy workshop 3, will be officially released, and players can enjoy Miss Liza’s legs again.

This work is the third in this series, and the game depicts the last adventure of Lesha and others. Liza’s new adventure began with the sudden emergence of the Mystery Islands. Leisha and others who live in Keken Island suddenly learned that there were unknown islands off the coast and quickly went to investigate-after growing up, Leisha and her companions were about to launch the "last summer adventure". In the game, you can not only see the characters who appeared in the previous work again, but also the new characters who are the key figures in the story.

Compared with the previous two films, there will be two new systems, namely, the building of the alchemy workshop and the cooking, in the new adventure, players can cook at the bonfire in Yuan Ye, which can temporarily strengthen the team and make the battle easier.

Another new workshop building system allows players to build alchemy workshops in various areas as adventure bases. The alchemy workshops can meet the needs of players for blending and rest, and can also get different bonuses according to architectural styles.

The Last Survivor: Part I PC Version

The Last Survivor: Part I is a role-playing action game with the theme of doomsday, but it is very different from previous games with similar themes. The two protagonists have distinct personalities, and they will do whatever it takes to survive. Although there are mutant monsters in the game, they are also the main cause of the end, but most of the battles in the game are with humans.

The Last Survivor is a very popular classic. No matter whether you have heard its fame or notoriety, you should not be unfamiliar with it. Fortunately, the plot of the first part does not contain any parts that make fans uncomfortable, so players can experience it with confidence.

"The Last Survivor: Part I" is a reprint of the first generation of this series. This version retains the original gameplay content, greatly optimizes the screen and operation experience, and is no longer exclusive to the PS platform. PC players can also play on the Steam platform.

Due to the recent popularity effect of the live-action drama "The Last Survivor", the sales volume of this version has ushered in a huge increase, and both the PC version and the PS4 version have reached a sales increase of 2 times or even 3 times, so Sony is making a profit.

However, at present, we don’t know whether there will be adaptations or new content added to the game. Friends who have already played the first generation can consider waiting and seeing first.

The above is the end tour that we took stock of for you in March, including both classic masterpieces that players are looking forward to and innovative online games in Japan and South Korea. Interested players must not miss this month’s wonderful works.